论文标题

根据全息量子耗散的超氟涡流的运动

Motion of a superfluid vortex according to holographic quantum dissipation

论文作者

Yang, Wei-Can, Xia, Chuan-Yin, Zeng, Hua-Bi, Tsubota, Makoto, Zaanen, Jan

论文摘要

涡流是与超氟和超导体相关的拓扑缺陷,当移动时,它们会消散能量,破坏超氟的无耗散性质。这种“量子耗散”的性质植根于问题的量子物理性质,这已经是广泛的文献。但是,这主要集中在适用于弱相互作用系统中的措施上,其中它们可通过常规方法进行处理。最近,使用弦理论中发现的全息二元性,在非常强烈的相互作用系统中解决了这种动力学量子热问题,在一个更高的维度中绘制了重力问题上的量子问题,作为对耗散如何从这种复杂的物理情况中出现的更一般性的看法。我们在这里研究了两个空间尺寸的单个涡流的基本问题,在背景中突然淬火以有限密度“ Reissner-Nordstrom”全息超导体形成的背景超级流动。这揭示了许多令人惊讶的结果,以解决原则问题。通过将轨迹明确拟合到霍尔 - 伊丹斯基(Hall-Vinen-Iordanskii)运动方程式中,我们发现这些方程的特征是在低温下在低温下具有较大的惯性质量,但温度升高时会降低。对于较弱的驱动器,在降低温度时会发现阻力增加,从而显示出与粘性金属涡流核有关的简单剪切阻力,并在较高温度下补充了常规的正常流体成分。对于强大的驱动器,我们发现了一种新型的动力学现象:涡旋变形的核心伴随着大量阻力。

Vortices are topological defects associated with superfluids and superconductors, which, when mobile, dissipate energy destroying the dissipation-less nature of the superfluid. The nature of this "quantum dissipation" is rooted in the quantum physical nature of the problem, which has been subject of an extensive literature. However, this has mostly be focused on the measures applicable in weakly interacting systems wherein they are tractable via conventional methods. Recently it became possible to address such dynamical quantum thermalization problems in very strongly interacting systems using the holographic duality discovered in string theory, mapping the quantum problem on a gravitational problem in one higher dimension, having as benefit offering a more general view on how dissipation emerges from such intricate quantum physical circumstances. We study here the elementary problem of a single vortex in two space dimensions, set in motion by a sudden quench in the background superflow formed in a finite density "Reissner-Nordstrom" holographic superconductor. This reveals a number of surprising outcomes addressing questions of principle. By fitting the trajectories unambiguously to the Hall-Vinen-Iordanskii phenomenological equation of motion we find that these are characterized by a large inertial mass at low temperature that however diminishes upon raising temperature. For a weak drive the drag is found to increase when temperature is lowered which reveals a simple shear drag associated with the viscous metallic vortex cores, supplemented by a conventional normal fluid component at higher temperatures. For a strong drive we discover a novel dynamical phenomenon: the core of the vortex deforms accompanied by a large increase of the drag force.

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