论文标题

可微分搜索准确和健壮的体系结构

Differentiable Search of Accurate and Robust Architectures

论文作者

Ou, Yuwei, Xie, Xiangning, Gao, Shangce, Sun, Yanan, Tan, Kay Chen, Lv, Jiancheng

论文摘要

发现深度神经网络(DNN)很容易受到对抗性攻击的影响,并且已经提出了各种防御方法。在这些方法中,由于对抗性训练,由于其简单性和有效性,人们一直在引起人们的关注。但是,对抗性训练的性能受到目标DNN的架构的极大限制,这通常使最终的DNN具有较差的准确性和不令人满意的鲁棒性。为了解决这个问题,我们建议DSARA自动搜索在对抗训练后准确且健壮的神经体系结构。特别是,我们设计了一个专门用于对抗训练的新型基于细胞的搜索空间,该空间通过仔细设计细胞的位置以及滤波器数量的比例关系来提高搜索体系结构的稳健性上限。然后,我们提出了一个两阶段的搜索策略,以搜索准确和健壮的神经体系结构。在第一阶段,对架构参数进行了优化,以最大程度地减少对抗性损失,这充分利用了对抗性训练在增强鲁棒性方面的有效性。在第二阶段,使用拟议的多目标对抗训练方法来优化体系结构参数,以最大程度地减少自然损失和对抗性损失,以使搜索的神经体系结构既准确又健壮。我们在自然数据和各种对抗性攻击下评估了所提出的算法,从而揭示了所提出的方法在准确和健壮的体系结构方面的优越性。我们还得出结论,准确,健壮的神经体系结构倾向于在输入和输出附近部署截然不同的结构,这在手工进行和自动设计准确和健壮的神经体系结构方面具有极大的实际意义。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and various methods have been proposed for the defense. Among these methods, adversarial training has been drawing increasing attention because of its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the performance of the adversarial training is greatly limited by the architectures of target DNNs, which often makes the resulting DNNs with poor accuracy and unsatisfactory robustness. To address this problem, we propose DSARA to automatically search for the neural architectures that are accurate and robust after adversarial training. In particular, we design a novel cell-based search space specially for adversarial training, which improves the accuracy and the robustness upper bound of the searched architectures by carefully designing the placement of the cells and the proportional relationship of the filter numbers. Then we propose a two-stage search strategy to search for both accurate and robust neural architectures. At the first stage, the architecture parameters are optimized to minimize the adversarial loss, which makes full use of the effectiveness of the adversarial training in enhancing the robustness. At the second stage, the architecture parameters are optimized to minimize both the natural loss and the adversarial loss utilizing the proposed multi-objective adversarial training method, so that the searched neural architectures are both accurate and robust. We evaluate the proposed algorithm under natural data and various adversarial attacks, which reveals the superiority of the proposed method in terms of both accurate and robust architectures. We also conclude that accurate and robust neural architectures tend to deploy very different structures near the input and the output, which has great practical significance on both hand-crafting and automatically designing of accurate and robust neural architectures.

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