论文标题

超导相变附近波动驱动的多余噪声

Fluctuation-driven excess noise near superconducting phase transition

论文作者

Kwak, Juhun, Pellett, Emil, König, Elio J., Levchenko, Alex

论文摘要

我们讨论超导器件和过渡边缘传感器中非平衡过量噪声的内在机制。特别是,我们概述了对超导过渡附近当前噪声的波动驱动的贡献。我们认为,与超导波动的动力学相比,如果准粒子松弛的速率慢,则足够接近电导率的临界温度波动可能会变得相关。在这个制度中,电导率的波动绝热遵循电子分布的波动。这导致当前噪声的大幅增强。噪声的相应光谱功率密度在频域中具有Lorentzian形状,而其幅度的幅度尺寸与非弹性松弛时间成比例。它还敏感地取决于Dephasing和Ginzburg-landau时代。进一步的估计表明,这种机制在相同的参数范围内的常规温度波动中占主导地位。为了从显微镜上描述这些效果,我们在超导性与Boltzmann-Langevin随机力的半经典近似中使用非平衡的Keldysh技术来解释波动的相关性。

We discuss intrinsic mechanisms of nonequilibrium excess noise in superconducting devices and transition edge sensors. In particular, we present an overview of fluctuation-driven contributions to the current noise in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. We argue that sufficiently close to the critical temperature fluctuations of conductivity may become correlated provided that the rate of quasiparticle relaxation is slow as compared to dynamics of superconducting fluctuations. In this regime, fluctuations of conductivity adiabatically follow the fluctuations of the electron distribution. This leads to a substantial enhancement of current noise. The corresponding spectral power density of noise has a Lorentzian shape in the frequency domain while its magnitude scales proportionally to the inelastic relaxation time. It also sensitively depends on the dephasing and Ginzburg-Landau timescales. Further estimates suggest that this mechanism dominates over the conventional temperature fluctuations in the same range of parameters. To describe these effects microscopically, we use the nonequilibrium Keldysh technique in the semiclassical approximation of superconductivity with Boltzmann-Langevin random forces to account for correlations of fluctuations.

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