论文标题
宇宙射线化学成分的确定：开放问题和前景
Determination of the Cosmic-Ray Chemical Composition: Open Issues and Prospects
论文作者
论文摘要
宇宙射线是从外太空来到地球的相对论粒子。尽管在实验和理论研究中都做出了巨大的努力，但它们的起源仍然未知。了解其性质的主要关键之一是确定其化学成分是原能的函数。在本文中，我们回顾了高于$ 10^{15} $ ev的质量成分的测量值。我们首先总结了与组成分析相关的空气淋浴物理学的主要方面。我们讨论了使用光学，无线电和表面检测器进行的组成测量以及用于解释实验数据的当前高能HADRONIC相互作用模型所施加的局限性。我们还回顾了不同实验中进行的光子和中微子搜索，除了了解宇宙射线的性质很重要之外，还可以提供与最高能量以最高能量中的重量或光元素相关的相关信息。最后，我们总结了目前正在计划或正在开发的未来构图测量。
Cosmic rays are relativistic particles that come to the Earth from outer space. Despite a great effort made in both experimental and theoretical research, their origin is still unknown. One of the main keys to understand their nature is the determination of its chemical composition as a function of primary energy. In this paper, we review the measurements of the mass composition above $10^{15}$ eV. We first summarize the main aspects of air shower physics that are relevant in composition analyses. We discuss the composition measurements made by using optical, radio, and surface detectors and the limitations imposed by current high-energy hadronic interaction models that are used to interpret the experimental data. We also review the photons and neutrinos searches conducted in different experiments, which, in addition to being important to understand the nature of cosmic rays, can provide relevant information related to the abundance of heavy or light elements in the flux at the highest energies. Finally, we summarize the future composition measurements that are currently being planned or under development.
