论文标题

具有软社会规范的动态支出和投资组合决策

Dynamic spending and portfolio decisions with a soft social norm

论文作者

Mork, Knut Anton, Harang, Fabian Andsem, Trønnes, Haakon Andreas, Bjerketvedt, Vegard Skonseng

论文摘要

我们探讨了偏好订购对投资者消费者的含义,他们强烈倾向于将消费保持在外来的社会规范之上,但谁愿意忍受偶尔下降到以下。我们通过拼接两个CRRA偏好顺序,一个在标准低于标准的高曲率上,另一个在其上或更高的曲率下。我们发现这种表述吸引了许多捐赠基金和主权财富基金,包括挪威政府养老基金Global,这激发了我们的研究。我们在分析和数值上解决该模型,发现年度支出不仅应显着低于预期的财务回报,而且还应大多是准确的。特别是,通常情况下,财务损失应之后的削减比例削减,除非需要进行一些平滑以使支出不超过社会规范。但是,在非常低的财富水平下,应保持支出特别低,以建立足够的财富以提高消费量以上。财务风险的承担也应该是适中和蓄意的,因此投资者有时可能想“在最高购买”和“卖出底部”。这些功能中的许多特征都是由栖息地模型和其他模型共享的,其中有一些供消费。但是,我们的规范更加灵活,因此更容易适应实际的基金管理。政策职能的非线性可能会给专业经理带来委托的挑战。但是,具有恒定或缓慢移动的股权份额和消费卫生比率的更简单的经验规则几乎可以达到预期的折扣公用事业。但是,恒定水平将与预期的CRRA实用程序或爱泼斯坦 - Zin偏好在该消费中的含义大不相同。

We explore the implications of a preference ordering for an investor-consumer with a strong preference for keeping consumption above an exogenous social norm, but who is willing to tolerate occasional dips below it. We do this by splicing two CRRA preference orderings, one with high curvature below the norm and the other with low curvature at or above it. We find this formulation appealing for many endowment funds and sovereign wealth funds, including the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global, which inspired our research. We solve this model analytically as well as numerically and find that annual spending should not only be significantly lower than the expected financial return, but mostly also procyclical. In particular, financial losses should, as a rule, be followed by larger than proportional spending cuts, except when some smoothing is needed to keep spending from falling too far below the social norm. Yet, at very low wealth levels, spending should be kept particularly low in order to build sufficient wealth to raise consumption above the social norm. Financial risk taking should also be modest and procyclical, so that the investor sometimes may want to "buy at the top" and "sell at the bottom". Many of these features are shared by habitformation models and other models with some lower bound for consumption. However, our specification is more flexible and thus more easily adaptable to actual fund management. The nonlinearity of the policy functions may present challenges regarding delegation to professional managers. However, simpler rules of thumb with constant or slowly moving equity share and consumption-wealth ratio can reach almost the same expected discounted utility. However, the constant levels will then look very different from the implications of expected CRRA utility or Epstein-Zin preferences in that consumption is much lower.

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