论文标题
单个圆柱代数单元的级别构造
Levelwise construction of a single cylindrical algebraic cell
论文作者
论文摘要
满足性模型理论(SMT)求解器检查无量词的一阶逻辑公式的满意度。我们考虑非线性真实算术的理论,即公式是多项式约束的逻辑组合。在这里,一种常用的工具是圆柱代数分解(CAD),将真实空间分解为细胞中,其中约束通过使用投影多项式而存在真理不变。 一种改进的方法是将CAD理论重新包装到基于搜索的算法中:一种猜测样品点以满足公式的猜测,并概括猜测在持续搜索中避免的样品周围的圆柱形细胞上有冲突的限制。这种方法可以更快地导致令人满意的分配,或者对细胞较少的结论不可满足。这种方法的一个显着例子是Jovanović和De Moura的NLSAT算法。由于这些细胞是在局部生产到样品的,因此与传统的CAD投影相比,我们可能需要更少的投影多项式。原始的NLSAT算法稍微降低了该集合。而布朗的单细胞结构却降低了更多。但是,产生的细胞的形状和大小取决于考虑多项式的顺序。 本文提出了一种级别构建此类单元的方法,即根据变量排序构建的逐步构建。我们仍然使用减少的投影多项式数量,但现在可以考虑各种不同的降低,并使用启发式方法选择投影多项式,以优化正在构建的细胞的形状。我们将所有必要的理论作为一个证明系统提出:虽然不是该领域的工作的共同表现,但它允许启发式算法与算法及其正确性证明。
Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers check the satisfiability of quantifier-free first-order logic formulas. We consider the theory of non-linear real arithmetic where the formulae are logical combinations of polynomial constraints. Here a commonly used tool is the Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition (CAD) to decompose real space into cells where the constraints are truth-invariant through the use of projection polynomials. An improved approach is to repackage the CAD theory into a search-based algorithm: one that guesses sample points to satisfy the formula, and generalizes guesses that conflict constraints to cylindrical cells around samples which are avoided in the continuing search. Such an approach can lead to a satisfying assignment more quickly, or conclude unsatisfiability with fewer cells. A notable example of this approach is Jovanović and de Moura's NLSAT algorithm. Since these cells are produced locally to a sample we might need fewer projection polynomials than the traditional CAD projection. The original NLSAT algorithm reduced the set a little; while Brown's single cell construction reduced it much further still. However, the shape and size of the cell produced depends on the order in which the polynomials are considered. This paper proposes a method to construct such cells levelwise, i.e. built level-by-level according to a variable ordering. We still use a reduced number of projection polynomials, but can now consider a variety of different reductions and use heuristics to select the projection polynomials in order to optimise the shape of the cell under construction. We formulate all the necessary theory as a proof system: while not a common presentation for work in this field, it allows an elegant decoupling of heuristics from the algorithm and its proof of correctness.