学术文献库

The purpose of this research paper is to critically explore the impact of state and state-sponsored actors on the cyber environment and the future of critical infrastructure, the majority of these attacks on the cyber environment have focused more on the vulnerability of critical infrastructures, this can be evidenced in the cyber-attack by Russia on December 23rd, 2015 that caused power outages experienced by the Ukrainian power companies which affected many customers in Ukraine [8]. Considering the enormous resources available to state and state-sponsored actors it has become difficult to detect cyber-attacks, even when the attack is discovered, proving that it was carried out by a particular state is not easy as such it is now being commonly exploited by malicious states. The paper examines the effect of the actions of the state and state-sponsored attacks on the cyber environment and critical infrastructures, these adverse effects include; greatly diminished defense capacity of the attacked states, destabilise the micro-economy, disinformation that can effectively sway public opinion in a state [1]. Consequently, being aware of the number of resources available at the disposal of the actors and the enormous negative impacts on the cyber environment and critical infrastructures, the government, agencies, and other professionals will be prepared to protect and prioritise network and security systems as a national issue thus encouraging public-private collaboration.