论文标题
多步相过渡和重力波从一般$ \ mathbb {z} _2 $标量扩展
Multi-step phase transition and gravitational wave from general $\mathbb{Z}_2$ scalar extensions
论文作者
论文摘要
多步相过渡提供了一个范式，在该范式中，可以恢复相变时损坏的对称性，从而丰富了暗物质和重子不对称的现象。我们研究了标准模型扩展中多步相过渡的动力学，并在离散$ \ mathbb {z} _2 $对称性下使用额外的isospin $ n $ n $ n $ n $ n $ n $ - 我们发现，如果Higgs和$φ_2$之间存在适度的耦合，则可以触发多步相变，并且随着$φ_2$和/或ISOSPIN的增加，需要更大的耦合才能更大。第一（第二个）步骤的一阶相变可以通过热环（树级屏障）效应来实现。因此，更有可能在相变的第二步中产生重力波的可检测光谱。
Multi-step phase transition provides a paradigm in which a broken symmetry during phase transition can be restored, enriching the phenomena of both dark matter and baryon asymmetry. We study the dynamics of the multi-step phase transition in the standard model extension with additional isospin $N$-plet scalar field $Φ_2$ under a discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. We find that the multi-step phase transition could be triggered if there is a moderately large coupling between the Higgs and the $Φ_2$ and this coupling is required to be larger as the mass of the $Φ_2$ and/or isospin increase. The first-order phase transition at the first (second) step can be realized by the thermal loop (tree-level barrier) effects. Thus it is more likely that a detectable spectrum of gravitational waves can be produced at the second step of the phase transition.
