论文标题

汤森(Townsend

A generalized Townsend's theory for Paschen curves in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries

论文作者

Riousset, Jeremy A., Harper, Joshua Méndez, Dufek, Josef, Engle, Jacob A., Nelson, Jared P., Esparza, Annelisa B.

论文摘要

在这项工作中,我们专注于具有高电势差的两个电极之间产生的血浆排放,从而导致支持气态介质中电流的中性颗粒的电离。在低电流和低温下,此过程可以产生发光的排放:所谓的发光和电晕放电。汤森(Townsend)(1900)理论中使用的平行板几何形状使我们能够发展出理论形式,并具有针对临界电压有效重现实验性帕申曲线的明确解决方案。但是,大多数放电过程发生在非平行板几何形状中,例如在多相流中的晶粒或冰颗粒之间的放电。在这里,我们提出了对经典的平行板构型在地球,火星,泰坦和金星大气中的同心球形和同轴圆柱几何形状的概括。在球体情况下,小半径有效地表示尖锐的尖端杆,而较大的厘米尺度半径则代表圆形或钝的尖端。同样,在圆柱形的情况下,小半径对应于细线。我们求解差距中的连续性方程,并估计临界半径和最小击穿电压,该电压允许中性气体电离和发光放电的形成。我们表明,与地球高压气氛相比,在火星低压,$ co_2 $ rich的气氛中,发光的冠形形成更容易。此外,我们介绍了泰坦和金星的崩溃标准。我们进一步证明,对于所有三个研究的几何形状,临界电压最小值的发生在0.5 cm $ \ cdot $ torr处,这表明在灰尘和水云中毫米大小的颗粒周围更容易启动,并且很容易扩展以检查其他具有惯性颗粒的多相流。

In this work, we focus on plasma discharges produced between two electrodes with a high potential difference, resulting in the ionization of the neutral particles supporting a current in the gaseous medium. At low currents and low temperatures, this process can create luminescent emissions: the so-called glow and corona discharges. The parallel plate geometry used in Townsend's (1900) theory lets us develop a theoretical formalism, with explicit solutions for the critical voltage effectively reproducing experimental Paschen curves. However, most discharge processes occur in non-parallel plate geometries, such as discharges between grains or ice particles in multiphase flows. Here, we propose a generalization of the classic parallel plate configurations to concentric spherical and coaxial cylindrical geometries in Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus atmospheres. In a spherical case, a small radius effectively represents a sharp tip rod, while larger, centimeter-scale radii represents rounded or blunted tips. Similarly, in a cylindrical case, a small radius would correspond to a thin wire. We solve continuity equations in the gap and estimate a critical radius and minimum breakdown voltage that allows ionization of neutral gas and formation of a glow discharge. We show that glow coronae form more easily in Mars's low-pressure, $CO_2$-rich atmosphere than in Earth's high-pressure atmosphere. Additionally, we present breakdown criteria for Titan and Venus. We further demonstrate that critical voltage minima occur at 0.5 cm$\cdot$Torr for all three investigated geometries, suggesting easier initiation around millimeter-size particles in dust and water clouds and could be readily extended to examine other multiphase flows with inertial particles.

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