论文标题
汤森(Townsend
A generalized Townsend's theory for Paschen curves in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项工作中,我们专注于具有高电势差的两个电极之间产生的血浆排放,从而导致支持气态介质中电流的中性颗粒的电离。在低电流和低温下,此过程可以产生发光的排放:所谓的发光和电晕放电。汤森(Townsend)(1900)理论中使用的平行板几何形状使我们能够发展出理论形式,并具有针对临界电压有效重现实验性帕申曲线的明确解决方案。但是,大多数放电过程发生在非平行板几何形状中,例如在多相流中的晶粒或冰颗粒之间的放电。在这里,我们提出了对经典的平行板构型在地球,火星,泰坦和金星大气中的同心球形和同轴圆柱几何形状的概括。在球体情况下,小半径有效地表示尖锐的尖端杆,而较大的厘米尺度半径则代表圆形或钝的尖端。同样,在圆柱形的情况下,小半径对应于细线。我们求解差距中的连续性方程,并估计临界半径和最小击穿电压,该电压允许中性气体电离和发光放电的形成。我们表明,与地球高压气氛相比,在火星低压,$ co_2 $ rich的气氛中,发光的冠形形成更容易。此外,我们介绍了泰坦和金星的崩溃标准。我们进一步证明,对于所有三个研究的几何形状,临界电压最小值的发生在0.5 cm $ \ cdot $ torr处,这表明在灰尘和水云中毫米大小的颗粒周围更容易启动,并且很容易扩展以检查其他具有惯性颗粒的多相流。
In this work, we focus on plasma discharges produced between two electrodes with a high potential difference, resulting in the ionization of the neutral particles supporting a current in the gaseous medium. At low currents and low temperatures, this process can create luminescent emissions: the so-called glow and corona discharges. The parallel plate geometry used in Townsend's (1900) theory lets us develop a theoretical formalism, with explicit solutions for the critical voltage effectively reproducing experimental Paschen curves. However, most discharge processes occur in non-parallel plate geometries, such as discharges between grains or ice particles in multiphase flows. Here, we propose a generalization of the classic parallel plate configurations to concentric spherical and coaxial cylindrical geometries in Earth, Mars, Titan, and Venus atmospheres. In a spherical case, a small radius effectively represents a sharp tip rod, while larger, centimeter-scale radii represents rounded or blunted tips. Similarly, in a cylindrical case, a small radius would correspond to a thin wire. We solve continuity equations in the gap and estimate a critical radius and minimum breakdown voltage that allows ionization of neutral gas and formation of a glow discharge. We show that glow coronae form more easily in Mars's low-pressure, $CO_2$-rich atmosphere than in Earth's high-pressure atmosphere. Additionally, we present breakdown criteria for Titan and Venus. We further demonstrate that critical voltage minima occur at 0.5 cm$\cdot$Torr for all three investigated geometries, suggesting easier initiation around millimeter-size particles in dust and water clouds and could be readily extended to examine other multiphase flows with inertial particles.