论文标题
加密货币：（几乎）与共享帐户的无共识资产转移
CryptoConcurrency: (Almost) Consensusless Asset Transfer with Shared Accounts
论文作者
论文摘要
典型的区块链协议使用共识来确保互惠信任的用户同意执行共享数据的操作的顺序。但是，众所周知，迄今为止最受欢迎的区块链应用程序可以在没有共识的情况下实施。假设无法同时访问帐户，并且每个帐户都属于一个所有者，则可以以纯粹的异步，无共识的方式有效地实施资产转移系统。还已经证明，如果没有共识，就不可能使用共享帐户实施资产转移。 在本文中，我们提出了CryptoConcorrency，这是一种资产传输协议，允许并行处理并在不涉及共识的情况下同时处理。更确切地说，如果给定帐户上的并发转移操作不会导致超支，即可以在没有帐户余额低于零以下的帐户余额的情况下全部应用，则它们并行进行。否则，帐户的所有者可能必须访问外部共识对象。值得注意的是，我们避免依靠中心，普遍信任的，共识的机制，并允许每个帐户使用自己的共识实施，这只有本帐户信托的所有者。这提供了更大的权力下放和灵活性。
A typical blockchain protocol uses consensus to make sure that mutually mistrusting users agree on the order in which their operations on shared data are executed. However, it is known that asset transfer systems, by far the most popular application of blockchains, can be implemented without consensus. Assuming that no account can be accessed concurrently and every account belongs to a single owner, one can efficiently implement an asset transfer system in a purely asynchronous, consensus-free manner. It has also been shown that implementing asset transfer with shared accounts is impossible without consensus. In this paper, we propose CryptoConcurrency, an asset transfer protocol that allows concurrent accesses to be processed in parallel, without involving consensus, whenever possible. More precisely, if concurrent transfer operations on a given account do not lead to overspending, i.e. can all be applied without the account balance going below zero, they proceed in parallel. Otherwise, the account's owners may have to access an external consensus object. Notably, we avoid relying on a central, universally-trusted, consensus mechanism and allow each account to use its own consensus implementation, which only the owners of this account trust. This provides greater decentralization and flexibility.
