论文标题
基于模型的轨迹缝线,以改善行为克隆及其应用
Model-based trajectory stitching for improved behavioural cloning and its applications
论文作者
论文摘要
行为克隆(BC)是一种常用的模仿学习方法,可从专家示范中推断出连续的决策政策。但是,当数据的质量不是最佳的时,所得的行为策略在部署后也会在次优。最近,离线增强学习方法激增,该方法有望从优化的历史数据中提取高质量的政策。一种常见的方法是在培训期间进行正规化,鼓励在政策评估期间进行更新和/或政策改进以保持与基础数据的联系。在这项工作中,我们调查了提高现有数据质量的离线方法是否可以改善行为政策,而无需在BC算法中进行任何更改。提出的数据改进方法 - 轨迹缝线(TS) - 通过“缝制”对在原始数据中断开并生成其连接的新操作的状态对生成新的轨迹(状态和动作序列)。根据构造,根据环境的概率模型,保证这些新的过渡是高度合理的,并提高了国家价值功能。我们证明,用新轨迹替换旧轨迹的迭代过程会逐步改善基本的行为政策。广泛的实验结果表明,使用从原始数据中提取的BC策略上的TS可以实现显着的性能提高。此外,使用D4RL基准测试套件,我们证明了最先进的结果是通过将TS与依赖于BC,基于模型的离线计划(MBOP)和策略约束(TD3+BC)的两种现有离线学习方法组合而成。
Behavioural cloning (BC) is a commonly used imitation learning method to infer a sequential decision-making policy from expert demonstrations. However, when the quality of the data is not optimal, the resulting behavioural policy also performs sub-optimally once deployed. Recently, there has been a surge in offline reinforcement learning methods that hold the promise to extract high-quality policies from sub-optimal historical data. A common approach is to perform regularisation during training, encouraging updates during policy evaluation and/or policy improvement to stay close to the underlying data. In this work, we investigate whether an offline approach to improving the quality of the existing data can lead to improved behavioural policies without any changes in the BC algorithm. The proposed data improvement approach - Trajectory Stitching (TS) - generates new trajectories (sequences of states and actions) by `stitching' pairs of states that were disconnected in the original data and generating their connecting new action. By construction, these new transitions are guaranteed to be highly plausible according to probabilistic models of the environment, and to improve a state-value function. We demonstrate that the iterative process of replacing old trajectories with new ones incrementally improves the underlying behavioural policy. Extensive experimental results show that significant performance gains can be achieved using TS over BC policies extracted from the original data. Furthermore, using the D4RL benchmarking suite, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art results are obtained by combining TS with two existing offline learning methodologies reliant on BC, model-based offline planning (MBOP) and policy constraint (TD3+BC).