论文标题
使用替代物对儿童期暴露于技术的长期影响
The long-term effect of childhood exposure to technology using surrogates
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了通过占领父母的儿童期在5-15岁时对技术的接触如何影响使用1961 - 2019年的丹麦微型数据，以45-49岁的收入来攀登社会阶梯的能力。我们对技术暴露的度量涵盖了执行职业需要使用计算机（硬件和软件）的程度，并且它是通过将职业代码与O*Net的详细数据合并而创建的。估计这种效果的挑战在于，在不同的时间范围内观察到长期结局与我们感兴趣的对待。因此，我们适应了替代指数方法论，将我们儿童治疗对中级代理的影响（例如25-29岁的收入和教育）联系起来，以对成年收入的影响。我们估计，对技术接触的一个标准误差会增加收入排名2 \％ - 点，这在经济和统计学上具有重要意义，并且对家庭内部的集群相关性具有牢固的意义。派生的政策建议是更新教育课程，以使儿童在更高的程度上暴露于计算机上，然后可以充当社会水平者。
We study how childhood exposure to technology at ages 5-15 via the occupation of the parents affects the ability to climb the social ladder in terms of income at ages 45-49 using the Danish micro data from years 1961-2019. Our measure of technology exposure covers the degree to which using computers (hardware and software) is required to perform an occupation, and it is created by merging occupational codes with detailed data from O*NET. The challenge in estimating this effect is that long-term outcome is observed over a different time horizon than our treatment of interest. We therefore adapt the surrogate index methodology, linking the effect of our childhood treatment on intermediate surrogates, such as income and education at ages 25-29, to the effect on adulthood income. We estimate that a one standard error increase in exposure to technology increases the income rank by 2\%-points, which is economically and statistically significant and robust to cluster-correlation within families. The derived policy recommendation is to update the educational curriculum to expose children to computers to a higher degree, which may then act as a social leveler.
