论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
DualApp: Tight Over-Approximation for Neural Network Robustness Verification via Under-Approximation
论文作者
论文摘要
神经网络的鲁棒性是托管系统的可靠性和安全性的基础。正式验证已被证明有效地提供了可证明的鲁棒性保证。为了提高验证可伸缩性,通过线性约束过度考虑神经网络中的非线性激活函数,这将被广泛采用,这将验证问题转化为有效解决的线性编程问题。由于不可避免地会引入过度估计,因此许多努力致力于定义最紧密的近似值。然而,最近的研究表明,现有的所谓最紧密近似值彼此优越。在本文中,我们确定并报告定义紧密近似值的关键因素,即激活函数的近似结构域。我们观察到现有方法仅依赖于高估的域,而相应的紧密近似可能不一定在其实际域上紧密。我们提出了一种新型的不受欢迎的引导方法,称为双重敏感性,以定义基于采样和梯度下降的紧密过度透明度和两种互补的不受欢迎的异常算法。被高估的域保证了稳健性,而低估的人则指导紧密度。我们将方法实施到一个名为DualApp的工具中,并以84个具有不同架构的神经网络的全面基准进行了广泛的评估。实验结果表明,DualApp优于最新近似方法,对验证结果提高了71.22%。
The robustness of neural networks is fundamental to the hosting system's reliability and security. Formal verification has been proven to be effective in providing provable robustness guarantees. To improve the verification scalability, over-approximating the non-linear activation functions in neural networks by linear constraints is widely adopted, which transforms the verification problem into an efficiently solvable linear programming problem. As over-approximations inevitably introduce overestimation, many efforts have been dedicated to defining the tightest possible approximations. Recent studies have however showed that the existing so-called tightest approximations are superior to each other. In this paper we identify and report an crucial factor in defining tight approximations, namely the approximation domains of activation functions. We observe that existing approaches only rely on overestimated domains, while the corresponding tight approximation may not necessarily be tight on its actual domain. We propose a novel under-approximation-guided approach, called dual-approximation, to define tight over-approximations and two complementary under-approximation algorithms based on sampling and gradient descent. The overestimated domain guarantees the soundness while the underestimated one guides the tightness. We implement our approach into a tool called DualApp and extensively evaluate it on a comprehensive benchmark of 84 collected and trained neural networks with different architectures. The experimental results show that DualApp outperforms the state-of-the-art approximation-based approaches, with up to 71.22% improvement to the verification result.