论文标题

入侵最佳社会契约

Invasion of optimal social contracts

论文作者

Lütz, Alessandra F., Amaral, Marco Antonio, Braga, Ian, Wardil, Lucas

论文摘要

Stag-Hunt游戏是社会合同的原型。采用新的和更好的社会契约通常具有挑战性,因为由于偏差的制裁,当前的契约已经被广泛采用和稳定。因此,人口如何从当前的社会契约转变为更好的社会契约?换句话说,社会系统如何离开本地社会最佳配置以实现最佳的全球状态?在这里,我们研究了促进多样性对社会契约发展的影响。我们考虑了团体结构的人群,个人在所有小组中都会玩雄鹿狩猎游戏。我们将多样性激励措施建模为一个在一个焦点小组中进行的雪地拖船游戏,在该小组中,个人更容易采用偏差的规范。我们表明,中等多样性激励措施可以改变系统的动态,使整个人群从本地最佳的社会正常正常转移到全球最佳的社会正常状态。因此,新规范的最初采用者的最初比例可以将系统推向新的社会最佳规范。在新的社会契约成为新的均衡之后,即使没有激励措施,它仍然保持稳定。结果是使用蒙特卡洛模拟和分析近似方法获得的。

The Stag-hunt game is a prototype for social contracts. Adopting a new and better social contract is usually challenging because the current one is already widely adopted and stable due to deviants' sanctions. Thus, how does a population shift from the current social contract to a better one? In other words, how can a social system leave a local social optimum configuration to achieve an optimum global state? Here, we investigate the effect of promoting diversity on the evolution of social contracts. We considered group-structured populations where individuals play the Stag-hunt game in all groups. We model the diversity incentive as a Snow-drift game played in a single focus group where the individual is more prone to adopt a deviant norm. We show that moderate diversity incentives can change the system dynamics, leading the whole population to move from the locally optimal social normal to the globally optimal one. Thus, an initial fraction of adopters of the new norm can drive the system toward the new social optimum norm. After the new social contract becomes the new equilibrium, it remains stable even without the incentive. The results are obtained using Monte Carlo simulations and analytical approximation methods.

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