论文标题
机器学习为生活系统中的光学镊子打开了微变学的门口
Machine learning opens a doorway for microrheology with optical tweezers in living systems
论文作者
论文摘要
It has been argued [Tassieri, \textit{Soft Matter}, 2015, \textbf{11}, 5792] that linear microrheology with optical tweezers (MOT) of living systems ``\textit{is not an option}'', because of the wide gap between the observation time required to collect statistically valid data and the mutational times of the organisms under study.在这里,我们通过利用现代机器学习(ML)方法将MOT测量的持续时间从几十分钟降低到一秒钟,迈出了解决此问题的可能解决方案的第一步。这是通过重点关注悬浮在一组具有三个数量级粘度值的尼多尼亚液体中的光学捕获粒子的计算机模拟轨迹来实现的,即从$ 10^{ - 3} $到$ 1 $ pa $ pa $ pa $ \ cdot $ s。当通过常规统计力学原理分析粒子轨迹时,我们首次在文献中解释了MOT实验($ t_m $)所需持续时间($ t_m $)与流体相对粘度($η_R$)之间的关系,以使不确定的不确定度低至$ 1 \%$ $ \%$;即,$ t_m \ cong17η_r^3 $分钟。这导致了进一步的证据,解释了为什么常规MOT测量通常低估了材料的粘弹性特性,尤其是在较高的粘性液体或诸如凝胶和细胞之类的软固醇的情况下。最后,我们开发了一种ML算法来确定牛顿流体的粘度,这些牛顿流体在KHz以kHz的收购中使用特征提取的特征提取,并且只有一秒钟的时间,但能够返回的粘度值,而粘度值则低至$ \\ sim0.3 \%$;因此,在生活系统中开设了MOT的门口。
It has been argued [Tassieri, \textit{Soft Matter}, 2015, \textbf{11}, 5792] that linear microrheology with optical tweezers (MOT) of living systems ``\textit{is not an option}'', because of the wide gap between the observation time required to collect statistically valid data and the mutational times of the organisms under study. Here, we have taken a first step towards a possible solution of this problem by exploiting modern machine learning (ML) methods to reduce the duration of MOT measurements from several tens of minutes down to one second. This has been achieved by focusing on the analysis of computer simulated trajectories of an optically trapped particle suspended in a set of Newtonian fluids having viscosity values spanning three orders of magnitude, i.e. from $10^{-3}$ to $1$ Pa$\cdot$s. When the particle trajectory is analysed by means of conventional statistical mechanics principles, we explicate for the first time in literature the relationship between the required duration of MOT experiments ($T_m$) and the fluids relative viscosity ($η_r$) to achieve an uncertainty as low as $1\%$; i.e., $T_m\cong 17η_r^3$ minutes. This has led to further evidences explaining why conventional MOT measurements commonly underestimate the materials' viscoelastic properties, especially in the case of high viscous fluids or soft-solids such as gels and cells. Finally, we have developed a ML algorithm to determine the viscosity of Newtonian fluids that uses feature extraction on raw trajectories acquired at a kHz and for a duration of only one second, yet capable of returning viscosity values carrying an error as low as $\sim0.3\%$ at best; hence the opening of a doorway for MOT in living systems.