论文标题
量子误差校正和身份验证的有效组合
An efficient combination of quantum error correction and authentication
论文作者
论文摘要
在通过频道发送量子信息时,我们要确保消息保持完整。量子误差校正和量子身份验证均旨在保护(量子)信息,但要从两个非常不同的方向处理此任务:误差校正代码可以防止概率通道噪声,并且对于针对小错误的概率通道噪声进行了非常强大的态度,而身份验证代码则防止了对抗性攻击,并且旨在对任何错误(包括小问题)设计非常敏感。 实际上,在通过嘈杂的渠道发送身份验证的状态时,将必须将其包裹在错误校正的代码中,以抵消基础认证方案的灵敏度。我们研究了是否可以通过将两个功能组合在单个代码中来更有效地进行的问题。为了说明这种组合的潜力,我们设计了阈值代码,这是对陷阱身份验证代码的修改,该代码保留了该代码的身份验证属性,但自然而然地抵抗去极化通道噪声。我们表明,与任何串联的CSS代码相比,与陷阱代码的天真组成相比,阈值代码从量子座上需要的量子量较少才能达到相同的安全性和鲁棒性。我们认为,我们的分析为结合更多一般错误纠正和身份验证代码的大门打开了大门,这可以改善所得方案的实用性。
When sending quantum information over a channel, we want to ensure that the message remains intact. Quantum error correction and quantum authentication both aim to protect (quantum) information, but approach this task from two very different directions: error-correcting codes protect against probabilistic channel noise and are meant to be very robust against small errors, while authentication codes prevent adversarial attacks and are designed to be very sensitive against any error, including small ones. In practice, when sending an authenticated state over a noisy channel, one would have to wrap it in an error-correcting code to counterbalance the sensitivity of the underlying authentication scheme. We study the question of whether this can be done more efficiently by combining the two functionalities in a single code. To illustrate the potential of such a combination, we design the threshold code, a modification of the trap authentication code which preserves that code's authentication properties, but which is naturally robust against depolarizing channel noise. We show that the threshold code needs polylogarithmically fewer qubits to achieve the same level of security and robustness, compared to the naive composition of the trap code with any concatenated CSS code. We believe our analysis opens the door to combining more general error-correction and authentication codes, which could improve the practicality of the resulting scheme.