论文标题

高速护卫舰的分布式最佳控制框架:理论和硬件结果

Distributed Optimal Control Framework for High-Speed Convoys: Theory and Hardware Results

论文作者

Bagree, Namya, Noren, Charles, Singh, Damanpreet, Travers, Matthew, Vundurthy, Bhaskar

论文摘要

在不同环境中协调的移动机器人舰队的实际部署揭示了机器人之间保持较小距离的好处,尤其是当它们以较高的速度移动时。但是,这是违反直觉的,因为随着速度的增加,降低机器人之间的空间量也减少了机器人可用的时间来应对周围机器人突然运动的差异。但是,在某些示例中,由于在近距离近距离行驶而引起的绩效益处可能超过潜在的不稳定问题,例如,在高速公路上自主卡车通过车辆优化能量``起草''或较小的机器人在杂乱无章的环境中需要保持近距离的机器人,以维持近距离的视觉沟通等,以实现这种近距离沟通,以实现此类工具,以实现该工具的启动,以启发了这种型号的动力,该工具启动了型号,该工具是指导动力的,并启动了模型的型号。在为每个机器人计划动议时,在车队中考虑了。这些机器人能够通过主动做出预测并根据来自相邻机器人的状态信息反应偏见其响应来以高速进行彼此互相关注。该控制框架是自然分散的,因此能够应用于任意数量的机器人,而无需任何其他计算负担。我们表明,与现有控制器相比,我们的方法能够以较高的速度实现较低的机器人间距离。我们通过在移动地面机器人上模拟和硬件结果来证明我们的方法的成功。

Practical deployments of coordinated fleets of mobile robots in different environments have revealed the benefits of maintaining small distances between robots, especially as they move at higher speeds. However, this is counter-intuitive in that as speed increases, reducing the amount of space between robots also reduces the time available to the robots to respond to sudden motion variations in surrounding robots. However, in certain examples, the benefits in performance due to traveling at closer distances can outweigh the potential instability issues, for instance, autonomous trucks on highways that optimize energy by vehicle ``drafting'' or smaller robots in cluttered environments that need to maintain close, line of sight communication, etc. To achieve this kind of closely coordinated fleet behavior, this work introduces a model predictive optimal control framework that directly takes non-linear dynamics of the vehicles in the fleet into account while planning motions for each robot. The robots are able to follow each other closely at high speeds by proactively making predictions and reactively biasing their responses based on state information from the adjacent robots. This control framework is naturally decentralized and, as such, is able to apply to an arbitrary number of robots without any additional computational burden. We show that our approach is able to achieve lower inter-robot distances at higher speeds compared to existing controllers. We demonstrate the success of our approach through simulated and hardware results on mobile ground robots.

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