论文标题
$ a^2RID $ - 匿名直接身份验证和商业无人机的远程标识
$A^2RID$ -- Anonymous Direct Authentication and Remote Identification of Commercial Drones
论文作者
论文摘要
最近的全球介绍Remodid（RID）法规迫使所有无人飞机（UAS），又称无人机，在无线渠道上以纯文本广播其身份和实时位置，以进行会计和监视目的。尽管改善了无人机的监视和情境意识，但RID规则也会引起UAS的运营商的重大隐私问题，这受到UAS的易于跟踪以及相关的机密性和隐私问题的威胁。在本文中，我们提出了$ a^2RID $，该协议套件用于匿名直接身份验证和远程标识异质商业UAS。 $ a^2RID $集成并调整协议以匿名消息签名在UA域中工作，应对商用无人机的限制以及RID法规施加的紧密实时要求。总体而言，$ a^2RID $套件中的协议允许UA制造商选择最适合无人机的功能和约束的配置，即，要么是处理密集型但很轻巧的解决方案（即，$ cs-a^2RID $）或计算型但具有计算机的友好型但内存的$ namy $ ds^namy，除了正式定义协议并在我们的环境中正式证明其安全性外，我们还在真正的异质硬件平台（即Holybro X-500和Espcopter）上实施并测试它们，从而释放了生产的代码。对于所有协议，我们在实验中证明了生成匿名远程消息的能力，远低于RID所需的$ 1 $秒的时间，同时对无人机的能源预算产生的影响非常有限。
The recent worldwide introduction of RemoteID (RID) regulations forces all Unmanned Aircrafts (UAs), a.k.a. drones, to broadcast in plaintext on the wireless channel their identity and real-time location, for accounting and monitoring purposes. Although improving drones' monitoring and situational awareness, the RID rule also generates significant privacy concerns for UAs' operators, threatened by the ease of tracking of UAs and related confidentiality and privacy concerns connected with the broadcasting of plaintext identity information. In this paper, we propose $A^2RID$, a protocol suite for anonymous direct authentication and remote identification of heterogeneous commercial UAs. $A^2RID$ integrates and adapts protocols for anonymous message signing to work in the UA domain, coping with the constraints of commercial drones and the tight real-time requirements imposed by the RID regulation. Overall, the protocols in the $A^2RID$ suite allow a UA manufacturer to pick the configuration that best suits the capabilities and constraints of the drone, i.e., either a processing-intensive but memory-lightweight solution (namely, $CS-A^2RID$) or a computationally-friendly but memory-hungry approach (namely, $DS-A^2RID$). Besides formally defining the protocols and formally proving their security in our setting, we also implement and test them on real heterogeneous hardware platforms, i.e., the Holybro X-500 and the ESPcopter, releasing open-source the produced code. For all the protocols, we demonstrated experimentally the capability of generating anonymous RemoteID messages well below the time bound of $1$ second required by RID, while at the same time having quite a limited impact on the energy budget of the drone.
