论文标题
人们为什么对人类的判断与机器不同：感知到的代理和经验的作用
Why people judge humans differently from machines: The role of perceived agency and experience
论文作者
论文摘要
众所周知，人们使用功利主义道德哲学和人类使用强调感知意图的道德哲学来判断人工智能。但是，为什么人们对人类和机器的评判有所不同？心理学表明，人们可能具有人类和机器的不同思想感知模型，因此将与对待人类的方式更类似地对待人类的机器人。在这里，我们提出了一个随机实验，我们操纵人们对机构代理的看法（例如，计划，行动的能力）和经验（例如，感觉到能力）探索人们是否判断人们是否在这两个维度上与人类更相似的机器与判断人类的方式更相似。我们发现，当人们认为机器具有更多的代理但没有更多经验时，他们对机器的判断变得更加类似。我们的发现表明，人们使用不同的道德哲学来评判人类和机器可以通过思维感知模型的发展来解释，在这些模型中，对代理人的看法起着重要的作用。这些发现增加了证据的体系，表明人们对机器的判断与人类的判断更加相似，该判断激励人们在维度上进行进一步的工作，以调节人们对人类和机器行动的判断。
People are known to judge artificial intelligence using a utilitarian moral philosophy and humans using a moral philosophy emphasizing perceived intentions. But why do people judge humans and machines differently? Psychology suggests that people may have different mind perception models of humans and machines, and thus, will treat human-like robots more similarly to the way they treat humans. Here we present a randomized experiment where we manipulated people's perception of machine agency (e.g., ability to plan, act) and experience (e.g., ability to feel) to explore whether people judge machines that are perceived to be more similar to humans along these two dimensions more similarly to the way they judge humans. We find that people's judgments of machines become more similar to that of humans when they perceive machines as having more agency but not more experience. Our findings indicate that people's use of different moral philosophies to judge humans and machines can be explained by a progression of mind perception models where the perception of agency plays a prominent role. These findings add to the body of evidence suggesting that people's judgment of machines becomes more similar to that of humans motivating further work on dimensions modulating people's judgment of human and machine actions.
