论文标题
长时间的地平线通过接触使用离散搜索和连续优化
Long Horizon Planning through Contact using Discrete Search and Continuous Optimization
论文作者
论文摘要
机器人通常必须在与人近处执行操纵任务。因此,希望使用有限的联合扭矩的机器人臂不伤害附近的人并与环境互动以探索完成任务的新可能性。通过对环境进行支撑,机器人可以扩展其可及的工作空间,否则由于超出执行器扭矩限制而无法访问,并完成了超出其设计规格的任务。但是,复杂接触任务的运动计划需要通过不同可能的接触模式和支撑位置的排列来推理,这些位置随机器人中的接触点和链接的数量成倍增长。为了解决这个组合问题,我们开发了INSAT,该问题交织了图形搜索以探索操纵器的关节配置和接触模式空间,并具有由邻里解决方案种植的增量轨迹优化,以通过接触来找到动态可行的轨迹。在本文中,我们介绍了改善其运行时性能的INSAT算法的最新添加。特别是,我们提出了懒惰的INSAT,并减少了优化拒绝,以系统地拖延其轨迹优化的呼吁,同时重复使用违反边界约束的可行解决方案。该算法在模拟和物理硬件中的重载运输任务上进行了评估。在模拟中,我们表明懒惰的Insat可以发现无法在其设计限制内完成且不与环境交互的任务的解决方案。与没有环境支持的情况下执行相同的轨迹相比,我们证明了支撑触点的利用减少了执行轨迹所需的总体扭矩。
Robots often have to perform manipulation tasks in close proximity to people. As such, it is desirable to use a robot arm that has limited joint torques to not injure the nearby person and interacts with the environment to explore new possibilities for completing a task. By bracing against the environment, robots can expand their reachable workspace, which would otherwise be inaccessible due to exceeding actuator torque limits, and accomplish tasks beyond their design specifications. However, motion planning for complex contact-rich tasks requires reasoning through the permutations of different possible contact modes and bracing locations, which grow exponentially with the number of contact points and links in the robot. To address this combinatorial problem, we developed INSAT, which interleaves graph search to explore the manipulator joint configuration and the contact mode space with incremental trajectory optimizations seeded by neighborhood solutions to find a dynamically feasible trajectory through contact. In this paper, we present recent additions to the INSAT algorithm that improve its runtime performance. In particular, we propose Lazy INSAT with reduced optimization rejection that systematically procrastinates its calls to trajectory optimization while reusing feasible solutions that violate boundary constraints. The algorithm is evaluated on a heavy payload transportation task in simulation and on physical hardware. In simulation, we show that Lazy INSAT can discover solutions for tasks that cannot be accomplished within its design limits and without interacting with the environment. In comparison to executing the same trajectory without environment support, we demonstrate that the utilization of bracing contacts reduces the overall torque required to execute the trajectory.