论文标题
神经生物学和变化的生态系统：旨在理解人为影响对神经元和电路的影响
Neurobiology and Changing Ecosystems: toward understanding the impact of anthropogenic influences on neurons and circuits
论文作者
论文摘要
快速的人为环境变化，包括由于栖息地污染，降解和气候变化而引起的，对可能超过动物的适应性反应的生物系统具有深远的影响（Radchuk等，2019）。神经生物学系统介导了动物及其环境之间的相互作用，并在数百万年内进化以检测和响应变化。为了了解给定的神经系统的适应能力和前所未有的环境变化速度，必须检查细胞和生物物理水平的生理和行为机制。尽管人为活性引起的行为变化正在越来越多地描述，但这些变化基础的细胞，分子和电路级过程的识别和检查却深刻地探索了。因此，神经科学领域缺乏预测性框架来描述哪些神经生物学系统可能具有弹性或容易受到快速变化的生态系统的影响，或者在我们的自然世界中代表了哪种适应方式。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了动物行为修改和相应的神经系统适应性的例子，以响应快速的环境变化。这些行为的基本细胞，分子和电路级成分过程尚不清楚，并强调对改变生态系统的神经生物学的严格科学探究的需求。
Rapid anthropogenic environmental changes, including those due to habitat contamination, degradation, and climate change, have far-reaching effects on biological systems that may outpace animals' adaptive responses (Radchuk et al., 2019). Neurobiological systems mediate interactions between animals and their environments and evolved over millions of years to detect and respond to change. To gain an understanding of the adaptive capacity of nervous systems given and unprecedented pace of environmental change, mechanisms of physiology and behavior at the cellular and biophysical level must be examined. While behavioral changes resulting from anthropogenic activity are becoming increasingly described, identification and examination of the cellular, molecular, and circuit-level processes underlying those changes are profoundly under-explored. Hence, the field of neuroscience lacks predictive frameworks to describe which neurobiology systems may be resilient or vulnerable to rapidly changing ecosystems, or what modes of adaptation are represented in our natural world. In this review, we highlight examples of animal behavior modification and corresponding nervous system adaptation in response to rapid environmental change. The underlying cellular, molecular, and circuit-level component processes underlying these behaviors are not known and emphasize the unmet need for rigorous scientific enquiry into the neurobiology of changing ecosystems.
