论文标题
雷暴地面增强的起源
Genesis of thunderstorm ground enhancements
论文作者
论文摘要
从2022年9月22日暴风雨的一天开始，当时发生了7次雷暴地面增强（TGES，其中3个非常大），我们对最重要的条件进行了分析，这取决于雷鸣般的大气中大粒子通量的起源。这些条件包括近地面电场（NSEF），Graupel跌倒和闪电活动。我们估计1,25 mln伽玛射线的最大颗粒通量的强度，撞击了Aragat上的每个平方米的表面，能量光谱延伸高达70 MeV。从7个中只有一个TGE符合恢复电子能谱的条件；相对于伽玛射线通量超过10 meV的电子的比例达到45％。通过仔细检查Graupel跌倒，我们证明了加速电子的下偶极子是由主要负电荷区域形成的。下层偶极子随着Graupel跌落的衰减，与TGE终止相吻合（通常是通过闪电闪光灯）。
Proceeding from a stormy day of 22 September 2022, when 7 thunderstorm ground enhancements occurred (TGEs, 3 of them very large), we perform an analysis of the most important conditions, on which depend the origination of the large particle fluxes in the thunderous atmosphere. Among these conditions are the near-surface electric field (NSEF), graupel fall, and lightning activity. We estimate the intensity of the largest particle flux of 1,25 mln gamma rays hitting each square meter of surface on Aragats with energy spectra extended up to 70 MeV. Only one TGE from 7 meets the conditions to recover the electron energy spectrum; the fraction of electrons with energies above 10 MeV relative to the gamma ray flux reaches 45%. By carefully examining the graupel fall, we demonstrate that the lower dipole, which accelerates electrons, is formed by the main negative and lower positively charged regions. The lower dipole decays with a graupel fall that coincides with TGE terminations (usually by a lightning flash).
