论文标题
早期宇宙过度密集区域的大量星形形成
Massive Star Formation in Overdense Regions of the Early Universe
论文作者
论文摘要
在现代天体物理学中,大型黑洞(MBHS)的起源和人口人群的起源(MBHS)仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们使用ENZO代码介绍了宇宙学模拟的黑色套件。该套件主要由三个高分辨率,不同的区域组成,每个区域的长度为1 H $^{ - 1} $ MPC。其中两个区域在较大的过度区域内发展,而另一个区域在更“正常”区域内发展。模拟套件具有空间和质量分辨率,能够解决每个区域内第一星系和MBH的形成。我们在这里报告,作为一系列论文中的第一篇,模拟套件的演变直到恒星形成在恒星形成开始后的恒星形成的点。在这些环境中,要形成的第一个对象的质量在大约100 m $ _ {\ odot} $和$ 10^4 $ m $ _ {\ odot} $之间。较大的质量对象是由于两个主要合并而形成的,这两个主要合并引发了快速的质量流入到光环的中心,并且还通过多次次要合并,从而使宿主光环生长以接近原子冷却阈值。在这两种情况下,最初非常高的吸积率很快就会使对象接近$ 10^4 $ m $ _ {\ odot} $。但是,由于气体饥饿,积聚在不到50,000年后停止。这些物体在分裂和随后的碎片合并方面的最终命运不能在我们当前的分辨率下推断出来。在碎片化的情况下,这种物体可能会形成超级质量的恒星,然后再融合到主要序列中,以演变成大量种群III恒星和随后的MBH。
Both the origin of, and the population demographics of, massive black holes (MBHs) remains an open question in modern day astrophysics. Here we introduce the BlackDemon suite of cosmological simulations using the Enzo code. The suite consists primarily of three, high resolution, distinct regions, each with a side length of 1 h$^{-1}$ Mpc. Two of the regions evolve within a larger overdense region while the other evolves within a more `normal' region. The simulation suite has spatial and mass resolution capable of resolving the formation of the first galaxies and MBHs within each region. We report here, as the first in a series of papers, the evolution of the simulation suite up to the point where star formation has commenced in each region and for 2 Myr after the onset of star formation. Within these environments the masses of the first objects to form have masses between approximately 100 M$_{\odot}$ and $10^4$ M$_{\odot}$. The larger mass objects form due to both major mergers, which trigger rapid mass inflow to the centre of the halo, and also through multiple minor mergers which allows the host halo to grow to close to the atomic cooling threshold. In both scenarios the initially very high accretion rates quickly grow the objects to close to $10^4$ M$_{\odot}$. However, accretion halts after less than 50,000 years due to gas starvation. The final fate of these objects in terms of fragmentation and subsequent fragment mergers cannot be deduced at our current resolution. In the case where fragmentation is mild such objects are likely to form super-massive stars before contracting to the main sequence evolving into massive population III stars and subsequently MBHs.