论文标题
管道上的电源
Power in the Pipeline
论文作者
论文摘要
本文对天然气在国内和国际权力分配中的作用进行了首次全面的经验分析。管道在天然气贸易中的关键作用决定了一系列网络效应，这些效应对于其他自然资源（例如石油和矿物质）而没有。天然气租金不仅限于生产商，而且还累积了主要参与者在天然气网络中占据中心节点的参与者。利用我们的新天然气管道数据，本文表明，一个国家的气体中间性大大增加了统治者对领导者离职率衡量的权力的控制。工作中的主要机制是不愿互联的天然气贸易伙伴实施制裁，这意味着在被批准之前，天然气中心领导人的不良行为被耐受时间更长。总体而言，这加强了化石燃料不仅对环境的毒药，而且对政治多元化和健康政权的转换而言。
This paper provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of the role of natural gas for the domestic and international distribution of power. The crucial role of pipelines for the trade of natural gas determines a set of network effects that are absent for other natural resources such as oil and minerals. Gas rents are not limited to producers but also accrue to key players occupying central nodes in the gas network. Drawing on our new gas pipeline data, this paper shows that gas betweenness-centrality of a country increases substantially the ruler's grip on power as measured by leader turnover. A main mechanism at work is the reluctance of connected gas trade partners to impose sanctions, meaning that bad behavior of gas-central leaders is tolerated for longer before being sanctioned. Overall, this reinforces the notion that fossil fuels are not just poison for the environment but also for political pluralism and healthy regime turnover.
