论文标题
微观压力（压力）张量的观点：历史，当前理解和未来挑战
A perspective on the microscopic pressure (stress) tensor: history, current understanding, and future challenges
论文作者
论文摘要
显微镜和宏观水平上的压力张量（相当于负应力张量）对于工程和科学的许多方面都至关重要，包括流体动力学，固体力学，生物物理学和热力学。在此观点论文中，我们回顾了计算微观压力张量的方法。建立了平衡和非平衡系统的不同压力形式之间的连接。我们还指出了该领域的一些挑战，包括有关微观压力张量定义的历史争议。多体和远程潜力的困难；软件和计算工具的不足；以及缺乏探测纳米级压力张量的实验途径。建议未来的方向。
The pressure tensor (equivalent to the negative stress tensor) at both microscopic and macroscopic levels is fundamental to many aspects of engineering and science, including fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, biophysics, and thermodynamics. In this perspective paper, we review methods to calculate the microscopic pressure tensor. Connections between different pressure forms for equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems are established. We also point out several challenges in the field, including the historical controversies over the definition of the microscopic pressure tensor; the difficulties with many-body and long-range potentials; the insufficiency of software and computational tools; and the lack of experimental routes to probe the pressure tensor at the nanoscale. Possible future directions are suggested.
