论文标题

将物体扔进移动的篮子,同时避免障碍物

Throwing Objects into A Moving Basket While Avoiding Obstacles

论文作者

Kasaei, Hamidreza, Kasaei, Mohammadreza

论文摘要

通过利用投掷行为,机器人的功能将大大提高。特别是,投掷将使机器人能够快速将物体放入可行运动空间外的目标篮中,而无需前往所需的位置。在以前的方法中,机器人经常通过分析方法,模仿学习或手工编码来学习参数化的投掷内核。在许多情况下,由于各种物体形状,异质质量分布以及可能在环境中出现的障碍,这种方法无法很好地工作/概括。显然,需要一种方法来通过其元参数调节投掷内核。在本文中,我们通过一种深厚的加固学习方法来解决对象抛弃问题,该方法使机器人能够精确地将物体扔进移动篮子,而存在障碍物阻碍路径的障碍。据我们所知,我们是第一个解决避免障碍物的对象的群体。这样的投掷技巧不仅可以提高机器人臂的物理覆盖范围,而且可以提高执行时间。特别是,机器人在每个时间步骤都检测到目标对象,篮子和障碍物的姿势,可预测目标对象的适当掌握配置,然后进化适当的参数将对象扔进篮子中。由于安全限制,我们在凉亭开发了一个模拟环境来训练机器人,然后直接在实体机器人中使用学到的政策。为了评估所提出方法的表演者,我们在三种情况下在模拟和真实机器人中进行了大量实验集。实验结果表明,机器人可以精确地将目标物体扔到其运动学范围之外的篮子中,并在不与障碍物碰撞的情况下很好地概括为新的位置和物体。

The capabilities of a robot will be increased significantly by exploiting throwing behavior. In particular, throwing will enable robots to rapidly place the object into the target basket, located outside its feasible kinematic space, without traveling to the desired location. In previous approaches, the robot often learned a parameterized throwing kernel through analytical approaches, imitation learning, or hand-coding. There are many situations in which such approaches do not work/generalize well due to various object shapes, heterogeneous mass distribution, and also obstacles that might be presented in the environment. It is obvious that a method is needed to modulate the throwing kernel through its meta parameters. In this paper, we tackle object throwing problem through a deep reinforcement learning approach that enables robots to precisely throw objects into moving baskets while there are obstacles obstructing the path. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first group that addresses throwing objects with obstacle avoidance. Such a throwing skill not only increases the physical reachability of a robot arm but also improves the execution time. In particular, the robot detects the pose of the target object, basket, and obstacle at each time step, predicts the proper grasp configuration for the target object, and then infers appropriate parameters to throw the object into the basket. Due to safety constraints, we develop a simulation environment in Gazebo to train the robot and then use the learned policy in real-robot directly. To assess the performers of the proposed approach, we perform extensive sets of experiments in both simulation and real robots in three scenarios. Experimental results showed that the robot could precisely throw a target object into the basket outside its kinematic range and generalize well to new locations and objects without colliding with obstacles.

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