论文标题
光子极化的顺序分离测量
Sequential unsharp measurement of photon polarization
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一种基于部分极化束裂（PPBS）的二进制树的一般实验方案，以实现光子极化的顺序测量。可以使用相应的PPBS和相板中的设置中任意选择特定光子极化测量值的清晰度和基础。在低清晰度的极限下，该方案也可以实现顺序的弱测量。我们开发了一种一般形式主义，用于描述光子极化的顺序测量值，其中特定的UNSHARP测量值以适当的测量算子为特征。我们表明，该模型的直接实验实现是提出的方案。在这种形式上，在顺序测量和表征测量结果表征的任何相关函数之后，输出极化状态都可以轻松计算。我们的模型可用于分析在测量中应用后选择和重新选择的后果。我们通过选择后测量的UNSHAP极化测量的异常平均值以及对光子偏振的顺序UNSHARP测量的异常二阶相关函数，并进行重新选择。我们表明，可以使用建议的方案轻松测量这些异常。
We propose a general experimental scheme based on binary trees of partially polarizing beam splitters (PPBSs) for realizing sequential unsharp measurements of photon polarization. The sharpnesses and the bases of the particular photon polarization measurements can be chosen arbitrarily by using corresponding PPBSs and phase plates in the setup. In the limit of low sharpnesses the scheme can realize sequential weak measurements, too. We develop a general formalism for describing sequential unsharp measurements of photon polarization in which the particular unsharp measurements are characterized by appropriate measurement operators. We show that a straightforward experimental realization of this model is the proposed scheme. In this formalism the output polarization states after the sequential measurement and any correlation functions characterizing the measurement results can be easily calculated. Our model can be used for analyzing the consequences of applying postselection and reselection in the measurement. We derive the anomalous mean value for an unsharp polarization measurement with postselection and the anomalous second-order correlation function for the sequential unsharp measurement of photon polarization with reselection. We show that these anomalies can be easily measured using the proposed scheme.
