论文标题
几何沮丧的系统比公司更热的单打
Geometrically Frustrated Systems which are as Singles Hotter Than in Company
论文作者
论文摘要
我们表明，在负玻尔兹曼温度下构成约束的热耦合的几何沮丧系统（GFSS）的合奏的平衡凉爽比其成分均衡，甚至可能在低能量下表现出正温度。通过考虑与基态以上的能量波动，即GFS最可能的状态，可以解决与与GFS及其集合之间的玻尔兹曼温度梯度有关的潜在热流量引起的第二种热力学定律的挑战。它们由信息理论得出的规范温度组成。尽管玻尔兹曼温度梯度揭示了GFS在其合奏中最可能的GFS最可能状态的随机漂移的方向，但规范温度梯度定义了热流量。
We show that an ensemble of thermally weakly coupled geometrically frustrated systems (GFSs), which are constraint to reside at negative Boltzmann temperatures, is in equilibrium cooler than its constituents, and may even exhibit positive temperatures at low energies. The challenge for the second law of thermodynamics arising from potential heat flow related to the Boltzmann temperature gradient between a GFS and its ensemble is resolved by considering the energy fluctuations above the ground state, i.e. the most probable state of a GFS. They are comprised in the canonical temperature, derived from information theory. Whereas the Boltzmann temperature gradient reveals the direction of the stochastic drift of the most probable state of a GFS within its ensemble, canonical temperature gradients define that of heat flow.
