论文标题
极化的Blazar X射线意味着冲击中的粒子加速度
Polarized Blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
论文作者
论文摘要
来自Blazars的大多数光线，具有磁化等离子体喷射的活性银河核几乎沿着视线的点，是由高能量颗粒产生的，最高可达$ \ sim 1 $ tev。尽管已知喷气机最终由超级质量黑洞提供动力，但颗粒如何加速到如此高的能量一直是一个未解决的问题。该过程必须与磁场有关，磁场可以通过观察到来自喷气机的光的极化来探测。无线电对光学极化的测量 - 到目前为止唯一可用的范围 - 探测了含有颗粒的颗粒的扩展区域（Jorstad等，2005; Marin等，2018; Blinov等，2021），因此并不能直接探索X -RAY测量的加速度。在这里，我们报告了从Blazar Markarian 〜501（MRK〜501）的X射线极化检测。我们测量X射线线性极化度$π_x\ sim10 \％$，$ \ sim2 $的因子比光波长处的值高，其偏振角与无线电射流平行。这表明是粒子加速的源头的冲击阵线，并且也意味着血浆随着距离冲击的距离而变得越来越动荡。
Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to $\sim 1$ TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization - the only range available until now - probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier (Jorstad et al., 2005; Marin et al., 2018; Blinov et al., 2021), and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian~501 (Mrk~501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree $Π_X \sim10\%$, a factor of $\sim2$ higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration, and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock.
