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Based on the Einstein-Maxwell theory, the Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion of charged dilatonic black holes (the solutions are neither flat nor AdS) in $(n+1)$-dimensional spacetime is studied herein. To this end, we analyze the effects of the dimension $n$ and dilaton field $α$ on J-T expansion. An explicit expression for the J-T coefficient is derived, and consequently, a negative heat capacity is found to lead to a cooling process. In contrast to its effect on the dimension, the inversion curve decreases with charge $Q$ at low pressures, whereas the opposite effect is observed at high pressures. We can observe that with an increase in the dimension $n$ or parameter $α$, both the pressure cut-off point and the minimum inversion temperature $T_{min}$ change. Moreover, we analyze the ratio $T_{min}/T_{c}$ numerically and discover that the ratio is independent of charge; however, it depends on the dilaton field and dimension: for $n=3$ and $α=0$, the ratio is 1/2. The dilaton field is found to enhance the ratio. In addition, we identify the cooling-heating regions by investigating the inversion and isenthalpic curves, and the behavior of the minimum inversion mass $M_{min}$ indicates that this cooling-heating transition may not occur under certain special conditions.