论文标题
了解朝向搜索者的学习目标的“途径”
Understanding the "Pathway" Towards a Searcher's Learning Objective
论文作者
论文摘要
搜索系统通常用于支持面向学习的目标。这种趋势引起了“搜索学习”运动，该运动建议应设计搜索系统来支持学习。为此，一个重要的研究问题是：搜索者的学习目标\ emph {type}如何影响其轨迹（或\ emph {pathway}）朝向该目标？我们报告了一项实验室研究（$ n = 36美元），其中参与者收集信息以满足特定类型的学习目标。为了表征学习目标\ emph {and pathways}，我们利用了Anderson和Krathwohl的（A \＆K's）分类法\ Cite {Anderson 2001taxonomy}。参与者完成了以学习为导向的搜索任务，这些搜索任务沿着三个认知过程（应用，评估，创建）和三种知识类型（事实，概念，程序知识）变化。 \ emph {pathway}定义为\ emph {Learning Instances}的序列（例如，子目标），它们也都从A \＆K的分类法分类为单元。我们的研究使用了一个思维方案，并通过对参与者的思维意见和记录的屏幕活动进行定性分析来生成途径。我们研究了三个研究问题。首先，在RQ1中，我们研究了学习目标对途径特征（例如途径长度）的影响。其次，在RQ2中，我们研究了学习目标对沿途径横穿的\＆K细胞类型的影响。第三，在RQ3中，我们研究了沿\＆k细胞之间的常见和不常见的\ emph {过渡}，沿着基于目标知识类型的路径。我们讨论了我们对设计搜索系统以支持学习的含义。
Search systems are often used to support learning-oriented goals. This trend has given rise to the "search-as-learning" movement, which proposes that search systems should be designed to support learning. To this end, an important research question is: How does a searcher's \emph{type} of learning objective influence their trajectory (or \emph{pathway}) towards that objective? We report on a lab study ($N=36$) in which participants gathered information to meet a specific type of learning objective. To characterize learning objectives \emph{and pathways}, we leveraged Anderson and Krathwohl's (A\&K's) taxonomy \cite{anderson2001taxonomy}. Participants completed learning-oriented search tasks that varied along three cognitive processes (apply, evaluate, create) and three knowledge types (factual, conceptual, procedural knowledge). A \emph{pathway} is defined as a sequence of \emph{learning instances} (e.g., subgoals) that were also each classified into cells from A\&K's taxonomy. Our study used a think-aloud protocol, and pathways were generated through a qualitative analysis of participants' think-aloud comments and recorded screen activities. We investigate three research questions. First, in RQ1, we study the impact of the learning objective on pathway characteristics (e.g., pathway length). Second, in RQ2, we study the impact of the learning objective on the types of A\&K cells traversed along the pathway. Third, in RQ3, we study common and uncommon \emph{transitions} between A\&K cells along pathways conditioned on the knowledge type of the objective. We discuss implications of our results for designing search systems to support learning.
