论文标题
用LVK，LISA和关节观测探测重力速度
Probing the speed of gravity with LVK, LISA, and joint observations
论文作者
论文摘要
影响引力波的速度$ c _ {\ rm gw} $在宇宙学量表上自然会导致该速度接近Ligo/Pirgo/kagra（LVK）频段的频率依赖的过渡。虽然诸如GW170817之类的观察结果向我们保证，$ c _ {\ rm gw} $非常接近LVK频段中的光速，但LVK频段下方的频率转换是大量动态暗能量理论的吸烟枪信号。在这里我们讨论1）如何通过在LVK频段中观察到这种过渡的残余物，2）与Lisa频带中的这种过渡相关的签名以及3）3）3）LVK和LISA束中的关节观察如何使我们如何使我们在过渡和下层理论上放置紧密约束。我们发现，$ c _ {\ rm gw} $的偏差可以约束至lvk $ {\ textit和} $ lisa频段的$ \ sim 10^{ - 17} $的$ \ sim 10^{ - 17} $，即使对于轻度频率依赖性，对于频率独立$ c _ = $ c _ = $ c $ c $ c $ c $ co = $ rm gw}我们使用GW170817的应变数据来绑定$ c _ {\ rm gw} $的偏差，在100 hz时小于$ 10^{ - 17} $，小于500 Hz的$ 10^{ - 18} $。我们还确定了在LVK和LISA频段之间的一种特别有趣的过渡类型，并展示了多波段观察如何进一步限制这一点。最后，我们讨论了这些当前和预测的约束对潜在的黑暗能源理论的意义。
Theories of dark energy that affect the speed of gravitational waves $c_{\rm GW}$ on cosmological scales naturally lead to a frequency-dependent transition of that speed close to the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) band. While observations such as GW170817 assure us that $c_{\rm GW}$ is extremely close to the speed of light in the LVK band, a frequency-dependent transition below the LVK band is a smoking-gun signal for large classes of dynamical dark energy theories. Here we discuss 1) how the remnants of such a transition can be constrained with observations in the LVK band, 2) what signatures are associated with such a transition in the LISA band, and 3) how joint observations in the LVK and LISA bands allow us to place tight constraints on this transition and the underlying theories. We find that deviations of $c_{\rm GW}$ can be constrained down to a level of $\sim 10^{-17}$ in the LVK ${\textit and}$ LISA bands even for mild frequency-dependence, much stronger than existing bounds for frequency-independent $c_{\rm GW} \neq c$. We use the strain data from GW170817 to bound the deviation of $c_{\rm GW}$ to be less than $10^{-17}$ at 100 Hz and less than $10^{-18}$ at 500 Hz. We also identify a particularly interesting type of transition in between the LVK and LISA bands and show how multi-band observations can constrain this further. Finally, we discuss what these current and forecasted constraints imply for the underlying dark energy theories.
