论文标题
经典模型可能比其目标挤压光模型更好地解释了柔宗1.0高斯玻色子采样器
Classical models may be a better explanation of the Jiuzhang 1.0 Gaussian Boson Sampler than its targeted squeezed light model
论文作者
论文摘要
最近，Zhong等人。使用阈值检测器进行了具有里程碑意义的高斯玻色子采样实验。作者声称通过实现这些实验，已获得量子计算优势，称为Jiuzhang 1.0和Jiuzhang 2.0。他们的实验结果通过使用测试（例如模式之间的统计相关性，贝叶斯假设检验和重型输出生成（HOG）测试）进行比较来验证几种经典的假设和对手。我们提出了一种替代经典假说，用于使用发送到有损干涉仪的相干状态的混合物的概率分布来验证这些实验。这些输入的混合状态（我们称之为压缩状态）在一个正交中具有真空波动，另一个正交有多余的波动。我们发现，对于高光子数密度态度中的构型，统计相关性的比较并不能从我们的替代假设中分解实验的基础真相（两种模式挤压态发送到干涉仪中）。贝叶斯测试表明，对于除Jiuzhang 1.0以外的所有配置，地面真相比我们的替代假设更有可能解释实验数据。 HOG测试也获得了类似的结果：对于Jiuzhang 2.0的所有配置，该测试表明实验样品具有比获得的样品更高的地面真实概率，这构成了我们的替代分布。对于Jiuzhang 1.0，该测试尚无定论。我们的结果提供了一个新的假设，应在验证未来的GBS实验时考虑，并阐明了确定适当的指标以在GBS背景下验证量子优势的需求。他们还表明，尚未排除对缺乏任何量子特征的Jiuzhang 1.0实验的经典解释。
Recently, Zhong et al. performed landmark Gaussian boson sampling experiments with up to 144 modes using threshold detectors. The authors claim to have achieved quantum computational advantage with the implementation of these experiments, named Jiuzhang 1.0 and Jiuzhang 2.0. Their experimental results are validated against several classical hypotheses and adversaries using tests such as the comparison of statistical correlations between modes, Bayesian hypothesis testing and the Heavy Output Generation (HOG) test. We propose an alternative classical hypothesis for the validation of these experiments using the probability distribution of mixtures of coherent states sent into a lossy interferometer; these input mixed states, which we term squashed states, have vacuum fluctuations in one quadrature and excess fluctuations in the other. We find that for configurations in the high photon number density regime, the comparison of statistical correlations does not tell apart the ground truth of the experiment (two-mode squeezed states sent into an interferometer) from our alternative hypothesis. The Bayesian test indicates that, for all configurations excepting Jiuzhang 1.0, the ground truth is a more likely explanation of the experimental data than our alternative hypothesis. A similar result is obtained for the HOG test: for all configurations of Jiuzhang 2.0, the test indicates that the experimental samples have higher ground truth probability than the samples obtained form our alternative distribution; for Jiuzhang 1.0 the test is inconclusive. Our results provide a new hypothesis that should be considered in the validation of future GBS experiments, and shed light into the need to identify proper metrics to verify quantum advantage in the context of GBS. They also indicate that a classical explanation of the Jiuzhang 1.0 experiment, lacking any quantum features, has not been ruled out.
