论文标题
玩具不能玩：Spekkens理论中的物理代理商
Toys can't play: physical agents in Spekkens' theory
论文作者
论文摘要
信息是物理的，要使物理理论是通用的，它应该将观察者建模为物理系统，并具有具体记忆，它们可以通过实验和推理来存储获得的信息。在这里，我们在Spekkens的玩具理论中解决了这些问题，这是一个非上下文的认识性限制模型，部分模仿了量子力学的行为。我们建议一种模拟代理，记忆，测量，有条件操作和信息处理的物理实现的方法。我们发现，玩具代理人的行为受到严重限制：尽管理论上存在非正交状态，但物理代理人没有办法有意识地做好准备。他们的记忆也受到限制：代理人不能忘记系统中的两个任意状态中的哪一个。最后，我们正式化了推断其他代理实验的过程，并建模了Wigner的朋友（例如Wigner的朋友）。与量子理论或盒子世界不同，在玩具理论中，当物理代理人推理彼此的知识时，没有任何矛盾之处。
Information is physical, and for a physical theory to be universal, it should model observers as physical systems, with concrete memories where they store the information acquired through experiments and reasoning. Here we address these issues in Spekkens' toy theory, a non-contextual epistemically restricted model that partially mimics the behaviour of quantum mechanics. We propose a way to model physical implementations of agents, memories, measurements, conditional actions and information processing. We find that the actions of toy agents are severely limited: although there are non-orthogonal states in the theory, there is no way for physical agents to consciously prepare them. Their memories are also constrained: agents cannot forget in which of two arbitrary states a system is. Finally, we formalize the process of making inferences about other agents' experiments and model multi-agent experiments like Wigner's friend. Unlike quantum theory or box world, in the toy theory there are no inconsistencies when physical agents reason about each other's knowledge.
