论文标题
我的交易完成了吗?以太坊区块链平台中交易处理时间的实证研究
Is my transaction done yet? An empirical study of transaction processing times in the Ethereum Blockchain Platform
论文作者
论文摘要
以太坊是开发区块链动力应用程序的最受欢迎的平台之一。这些应用称为DAPP。在工程DAPPS时,开发人员需要将其申请前端捕获的请求转换为一项或多项智能合同交易。开发人员需要为这些交易付费,并且他们支付的次数越多(即汽油价格越高),交易的速度可能越快。因此,开发人员需要优化成本(交易费用)和用户体验(交易处理时间)之间的平衡。已经开发了在线服务,以向交易发行人(例如DAPP开发人员)提供估计在一定的汽油价格的情况下要处理多长时间的交易。这些估计服务在以太坊领域至关重要,几个受欢迎的钱包(例如metamask)依靠它们。但是,到目前为止,尚未对其准确性进行经验研究。在本文中,我们量化以太坊中的交易处理时间,研究处理时间和汽油价格之间的关系,并确定最先进的估计服务的准确性。我们发现交易是在57秒的中位数中处理的,而90%的交易是在8M之内处理的。较高的汽油价格导致交易处理时间更快,收益率降低。特别是,我们观察到昂贵和非常昂贵的交易之间的处理时间没有实际差异。就处理时间估计服务的准确性而言,我们注意到它们是等效的。但是,当通过天然气价格对交易进行分层时,埃瑟班的天然气跟踪器是非常便宜且廉价交易的最准确的估计服务。反过来,Ethgasstation的气价API是常规,昂贵且非常昂贵的交易的最准确的估计服务。
Ethereum is one of the most popular platforms for the development of blockchain-powered applications. These applications are known as Dapps. When engineering Dapps, developers need to translate requests captured in the front-end of their application into one or more smart contract transactions. Developers need to pay for these transactions and, the more they pay (i.e., the higher the gas price), the faster the transaction is likely to be processed. Therefore developers need to optimize the balance between cost (transaction fees) and user experience (transaction processing times). Online services have been developed to provide transaction issuers (e.g., Dapp developers) with an estimate of how long transactions will take to be processed given a certain gas price. These estimation services are crucial in the Ethereum domain and several popular wallets such as Metamask rely on them. However, their accuracy has not been empirically investigated so far. In this paper, we quantify the transaction processing times in Ethereum, investigate the relationship between processing times and gas prices, and determine the accuracy of state-of-the-practice estimation services. We find that transactions are processed in a median of 57s and that 90% of the transactions are processed within 8m. The higher gas prices result in faster transaction processing times with diminishing returns. In particular, we observe no practical difference in processing time between expensive and very expensive transactions. In terms of accuracy of processing time estimation services, we note that they are equivalent. However, when stratifying transactions by gas prices, Etherscan's Gas Tracker is the most accurate estimation service for very cheap and cheap transaction. EthGasStation's Gas Price API, in turn, is the most accurate estimation service for regular, expensive, and very expensive transactions.