论文标题
回顾性，观察性研究，用于估计疫苗对SARS-COV-2的继发攻击率的影响
Retrospective, Observational Studies for Estimating Vaccine Effects on the Secondary Attack Rate of SARS-CoV-2
论文作者
论文摘要
COVID-19疫苗在预防症状感染，严重疾病和死亡方面具有高效。 COVID-19疫苗还减少SARS-COV-2的传播的大多数证据都是基于回顾性的观察性研究。具体而言，越来越多的研究是使用现有医疗保健数据库中可用的数据或接触跟踪数据库来评估SARS-COV-2次要攻击率的疫苗功效。由于这些类型的数据库是为Covid-19的临床诊断或管理而设计的，因此它们在提供有关感染，感染时间和传播事件的准确信息的能力上受到限制。在此手稿中，我们强调了使用现有数据库识别传输单元并确认潜在的SARS-COV-2传输事件的挑战。我们讨论了常见的诊断测试策略的影响，包括事件预测和不频繁的测试，并说明了它们在估算SARS-COV-2的继发性攻击率的疫苗功效中的潜在偏见。我们阐明了对SARS-COV-2 SAR疫苗功效的前瞻性观察性研究的需求，并为使用回顾性数据库提供了设计和报告注意事项。
COVID-19 vaccines are highly efficacious at preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, and death. Most of the evidence that COVID-19 vaccines also reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is based on retrospective, observational studies. Specifically, an increasing number of studies are evaluating vaccine efficacy against the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 using data available in existing healthcare databases or contact tracing databases. Since these types of databases were designed for clinical diagnosis or management of COVID-19, they are limited in their ability to provide accurate information on infection, infection timing, and transmission events. In this manuscript, we highlight challenges with using existing databases to identify transmission units and confirm potential SARS-CoV-2 transmission events. We discuss the impact of common diagnostic testing strategies including event-prompted and infrequent testing and illustrate their potential biases in estimating vaccine efficacy against the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2. We articulate the need for prospective observational studies of vaccine efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 SAR, and we provide design and reporting considerations for studies using retrospective databases.
