论文标题
更少的是：广大工作证明区块链网络中的公平性
Less is More: Fairness in Wide-Area Proof-of-Work Blockchain Networks
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链迅速成为重要类别的网络应用程序类别，具有独特的信任，安全性和透明度属性。在区块链系统中，参与者使用Internet上的共识协议记录并更新应用程序的“服务器端”状态为复制，不可变的分类帐的块。近年来，采矿区已变得有利可图。例如，一名矿工今天在比特币中收到超过200,000美元的每台矿场。影响采矿奖励的关键因素是网络广播块的延迟。在本文中，我们考虑了拓扑设计的问题，该问题是在使用工作证明协议达成共识的广域区块链网络中优化采矿奖励的。与一般的智慧相反，对于矿工来说，更快的网络总是更好的智慧，我们在较慢的网络实际上对某些矿工有益的情况下显示出反直观的结果。这是因为竞争矿工必须选择不仅减少自己对他人潜伏期的邻居，而且还要确保其他矿工之间的潜伏期不会因为自身而不会减少。我们正式化了这个问题，并提供理论分析和实验结果以支持我们的主张。
Blockchain is rapidly emerging as an important class of network application, with a unique set of trust, security and transparency properties. In a blockchain system, participants record and update the `server-side' state of an application as blocks of a replicated, immutable ledger using a consensus protocol over the Internet. Mining blocks has become lucrative in recent years; e.g., a miner receives over USD 200,000 per mined block in Bitcoin today. A key factor affecting mining rewards, is the latency of broadcasting blocks over the network. In this paper, we consider the problem of topology design for optimizing mining rewards in a wide-area blockchain network that uses a Proof-of-Work protocol for consensus. Contrary to general wisdom that a faster network is always better for miners, we show a counter intuitive result where a slower network is actually beneficial to some miners. This is because competing miners must choose neighbors that not only decrease their own latency to others, but also ensure that the latency between other miners do not decrease because of itself. We formalize this problem, and provide both theoretical analysis and experimental results to support our claim.
