论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Finsler metrics and semi-symmetric compatible linear connections
论文作者
论文摘要
储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。
Finsler metrics are direct generalizations of Riemannian metrics such that the quadratic Riemannian indicatrices in the tangent spaces of a manifold are replaced by more general convex bodies as unit spheres. A linear connection on the base manifold is called compatible with the Finsler metric if the induced parallel transports preserve the Finslerian length of tangent vectors. Finsler manifolds admitting compatible linear connections are called generalized Berwald manifolds. Compatible linear connections are the solutions of the so-called compatibility equations containing the torsion components as unknowns. Although there are some theoretical results for the solvability of the compatibility equations (monochromatic Finsler metrics \cite{BM}, extremal compatible linear connections, algorithmic solutions \cite{V14}), it is very hard to solve in general because compatible linear connections may or may not exist on a Finsler manifold and may or may not be unique. Therefore special cases are of special interest. One of them is the case of the so-called semi-symmetric compatible linear connection with decomposable torsion tensor. It is proved \cite{V10} (see also \cite{V11}) that such a compatible linear connection must be uniquely determined. The original proof is based on averaging in the sense that the 1-form in the decomposition of the torsion tensor can be expressed by integrating differential forms on the tangent manifold over the Finslerian indicatrices. The integral formulas are very difficult to compute in practice. We present a new proof for the unicity result by using linear algebra and some basic facts about convex bodies and an explicit formula for the solution without integration. Necessary conditions of the solvability are also formulated in terms of intrinsic equations without unknown quantities. They are sufficient if and only if the solution depends only on the position.