论文标题
Q-PPG:可穿戴设备上的基于节能PPG的心率监测
Q-PPG: Energy-Efficient PPG-based Heart Rate Monitoring on Wearable Devices
论文作者
论文摘要
壁炉率(HR)监测越来越多地使用低成本光摄影(PPG)传感器在腕上的设备中进行。但是,由受试者手臂的运动引起的运动伪影(MAS)会影响基于PPG的HR跟踪的性能。这通常是解决PPG信号与惯性传感器的加速测量结果的耦合。不幸的是,这种大多数标准方法都依赖于手工调整的参数,这些参数会损害其概括能力及其对现场真实数据的适用性。相比之下,尽管有更好的概括,但基于深度学习的方法被认为太复杂了,无法在可穿戴设备上部署。 在这项工作中,我们解决了这些局限性,提出了一种设计空间探索方法,以自动生成一个用于HR监测的深度时间卷积网络(TCN)的丰富家族,所有这些都源自单个“种子”模型。我们的流程涉及两种神经体系结构搜索(NAS)工具和硬件友好量化器的级联,它们的组合既可以产生高度准确且极其轻巧的模型。当在PPG-Dalia数据集上进行测试时,我们最准确的模型将以平均绝对误差设置新的最新型号。此外,我们将TCN部署在具有STM32WB55微控制器的嵌入式平台上,展示了它们适合实时执行的性。我们最准确的量化网络的平均绝对误差(MAE)每分钟(BPM)达到4.41个节拍(MAE),能源消耗为47.65 MJ,记忆足迹为412 KB。同时,在我们的流量产生的最小网络中,获得MAE <8 bpm的网络的内存足迹为1.9 kb,并且每个推理仅消耗1.79 MJ。
Hearth Rate (HR) monitoring is increasingly performed in wrist-worn devices using low-cost photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. However, Motion Artifacts (MAs) caused by movements of the subject's arm affect the performance of PPG-based HR tracking. This is typically addressed coupling the PPG signal with acceleration measurements from an inertial sensor. Unfortunately, most standard approaches of this kind rely on hand-tuned parameters, which impair their generalization capabilities and their applicability to real data in the field. In contrast, methods based on deep learning, despite their better generalization, are considered to be too complex to deploy on wearable devices. In this work, we tackle these limitations, proposing a design space exploration methodology to automatically generate a rich family of deep Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) for HR monitoring, all derived from a single "seed" model. Our flow involves a cascade of two Neural Architecture Search (NAS) tools and a hardware-friendly quantizer, whose combination yields both highly accurate and extremely lightweight models. When tested on the PPG-Dalia dataset, our most accurate model sets a new state-of-the-art in Mean Absolute Error. Furthermore, we deploy our TCNs on an embedded platform featuring a STM32WB55 microcontroller, demonstrating their suitability for real-time execution. Our most accurate quantized network achieves 4.41 Beats Per Minute (BPM) of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), with an energy consumption of 47.65 mJ and a memory footprint of 412 kB. At the same time, the smallest network that obtains a MAE < 8 BPM, among those generated by our flow, has a memory footprint of 1.9 kB and consumes just 1.79 mJ per inference.