论文标题
黑洞地平线附近的量子统计力学
Quantum statistical mechanics near a black hole horizon
论文作者
论文摘要
我们对黑洞地平线附近的小体的热力学进行了第一原理分析。特别是，我们研究了悬停在Schwarzschild地平线上的小盒子中的量子理想气体的范式系统。我们用自由量子场，骨气和费米，大规模和无质量描述气体。我们通过微域分布确定热力学特性。我们首先分析了Rindler Spacetime中更一般的盒子，然后专门研究黑洞盒。物理学在很大程度上取决于盒子与地平线的距离，我们将其视为宏观热力学变量。我们发现，当我们接近地平线时，系统的有效尺寸从三维到二维的过渡，当盒子绝热地降低到黑洞时，Bekenstein的结合失败了，压力是高度各向异性的。上壁和下壁之间的压力差会导致必须添加到重力加速度中的有效力。我们还表明，当将系统从地平线带到微观距离时，在固定背景上传播的量子场的近似是分解的，在这种情况下，必须包括反应效应。
We undertake a first-principles analysis of the thermodynamics of a small body near a black hole horizon. In particular, we study the paradigmatic system of a quantum ideal gas in a small box hovering over the Schwarzschild horizon. We describe the gas in terms of free quantum fields, bosonic and fermionic, massive and massless. We identify thermodynamic properties through the microcanonical distribution. We first analyse the more general case of a box in Rindler spacetime, and then specialize to the black hole case. The physics depends strongly on the distance of the box from the horizon, which we treat as a macroscopic thermodynamic variable. We find that the effective dimension of the system transitions from three-dimensional to two-dimensional as we approach the horizon, that Bekenstein's bound fails when the box is adiabatically lowered towards the black hole, and that the pressure is highly anisotropic. The pressure difference between the upper and lower wall leads to an effective force that must be added to the gravitational acceleration. We also show that the approximation of quantum fields propagating on a fixed background for matter breaks down when the system is brought to microscopic distances from the horizon, in which case backreaction effects must be included.
