论文标题

CMS GE1/1 MUON升级的质量控制质量控制的GEM探测器

Quality Control of Mass-Produced GEM Detectors for the CMS GE1/1 Muon Upgrade

论文作者

Abbas, M., Abbrescia, M., Abdalla, H., Abdelalim, A., AbuZeid, S., Agapitos, A., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, W., Aimè, C., Aruta, C., Asghar, I., Aspell, P., Avila, C., Babbar, J., Ban, Y., Band, R., Bansal, S., Benussi, L., Beyrouthy, T., Bhatnagar, V., Bianco, M., Bianco, S., Black, K., Borgonovi, L., Bouhali, O., Braghieri, A., Braibant, S., Butalla, S. D., Calzaferri, S., Caponero, M., Carlson, J., Cassese, F., Cavallo, N., Chauhan, S. S., Colafranceschi, S., Colaleo, A., Collins, J., Garcia, A. Conde, Dalchenko, M., De Iorio, A., De Lentdecker, G., Olio, D. Dell, De Robertis, G., Dharmaratna, W., Dildick, S., Dorney, B., Erbacher, R., Fabozzi, F., Fallavollita, F., Ferraro, A., Fiorina, D., Fontanesi, E., Franco, M., Galloni, C., Giacomelli, P., Gigli, S., Gilmore, J., Gola, M., Gruchala, M., Gutierrez, A., Hakkarainen, T., Hauser, J., Hoepfner, K., Hohlmann, M., Hoorani, H., Huang, T., Iaydjiev, P., Irshad, A., Iorio, A., Ivone, F., Jang, W., Jaramillo, J., Juodagalvis, A., Juska, E., Kailasapathy, B., Kamon, T., Kang, Y., Karchin, P., Kaur, A., Kaur, H., Keller, H., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Ko, B., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Lacalamita, N., Lee, J. S. H., Levin, A., Li, Q., Licciulli, F., Lista, L., Liyanage, K., Loddo, F., Luhach, M., Maggi, M., Maghrbi, Y., Majumdar, N., Malagalage, K., Malhotra, S., Martiradonna, S., McLean, C., Merlin, J., Misheva, M., Mocellin, G., Moureaux, L., Muhammad, A., Muhammad, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Naimuddin, M., Nuzzo, S., Oliveira, R., Paolucci, P., Park, I. C., Passamonti, L., Passeggio, G., Peck, A., Pellecchia, A., Perera, N., Petre, L., Petrow, H., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Rahmani, M., Ramirez, F., Ranieri, A., Rashevski, G., Regnery, B., Ressegotti, M., Riccardi, C., Rodozov, M., Romano, E., Roskas, C., Rossi, B., Rout, P., Ruiz, J. D., Russo, A., Safonov, A., Sahota, A. K., Saltzberg, D., Saviano, G., Shah, A., Sharma, A., Sharma, R., Sheokand, T., Shopova, M., Simone, F. M., Singh, J., Sonnadara, U., Stamerra, A., Starling, E., Stone, B., Sturdy, J., Sultanov, G., Szillasi, Z., Teague, D., Teyssier, D., Tuuva, T., Tytgat, M., Vai, I., Vanegas, N., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Vetens, W., Virdi, A. K., Vitulo, P., Wajid, A., Wang, D., Wang, K., Watson, I. J., Wickramage, N., Wickramarathna, D. D. C., Yang, S., Yang, U., Yang, Y., Yongho, J., Yoon, I., You, Z., Yu, I., Zaleski, S.

论文摘要

一系列对大型强子对撞机的升级,最终在高光度大强壮的强子对撞机中,将使CMS实验的物理程序显着扩展。但是,加速器升级还将使实验条件更具挑战性,对检测器操作,触发和数据分析产生影响。 The luminosity of the proton-proton collisions is expected to exceed $2-3\times10^{34}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ for Run 3 (starting in 2022), and it will be at least $5\times10^{34}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ when the High Luminosity Large Hadron对撞机的运行4完成。这些条件将影响实验的关键能力,影响灵恩触发,识别和测量。为了应对这些挑战,基于气体电子乘数技术,CMS端圈中正在安装其他MUON探测器。为此,已经构建和测试了161个大三重高气乘数检测器。这些设备的安装始于2019年的GE1/1站,随后将分别安装在2023年和2026年的其他两个电台,GE2/1和ME0。 GE1/1检测器的组装和质量控制分布在世界各地的几个生产地点。我们激励和讨论为标准化探测器的性能而开发的质量控制程序,并提出了生产的最终结果。在产生的161个探测器中,有156个检测器通过了所有测试,现在在CMS实验中安装了144个检测器。各种视觉检查,气体紧密测试,固有的噪声速率表征以及有效的气体增益和响应均匀性测试使该项目得以实现高成功率。

The series of upgrades to the Large Hadron Collider, culminating in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, will enable a significant expansion of the physics program of the CMS experiment. However, the accelerator upgrades will also make the experimental conditions more challenging, with implications for detector operations, triggering, and data analysis. The luminosity of the proton-proton collisions is expected to exceed $2-3\times10^{34}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ for Run 3 (starting in 2022), and it will be at least $5\times10^{34}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ when the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is completed for Run 4. These conditions will affect muon triggering, identification, and measurement, which are critical capabilities of the experiment. To address these challenges, additional muon detectors are being installed in the CMS endcaps, based on Gas Electron Multiplier technology. For this purpose, 161 large triple-Gas Electron Multiplier detectors have been constructed and tested. Installation of these devices began in 2019 with the GE1/1 station and will be followed by two additional stations, GE2/1 and ME0, to be installed in 2023 and 2026, respectively. The assembly and quality control of the GE1/1 detectors were distributed across several production sites around the world. We motivate and discuss the quality control procedures that were developed to standardize the performance of the detectors, and we present the final results of the production. Out of 161 detectors produced, 156 detectors passed all tests, and 144 detectors are now installed in the CMS experiment. The various visual inspections, gas tightness tests, intrinsic noise rate characterizations, and effective gas gain and response uniformity tests allowed the project to achieve this high success rate.

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