论文标题
统一的热力学不确定性关系
Unified thermodynamic-kinetic uncertainty relation
论文作者
论文摘要
了解当前的波动至关重要，并为实际应用的开发铺平了道路。根据热力学和动力学不确定性关系，电流的精度只能通过总熵产生或动态活性来限制。在这项研究中，我们从热力学和动力学数量方面取得了紧密的限制，这表明这些数量共同限制了电流波动。热力学和动力学不确定性关系成为我们在渐近限制中结果的特殊情况。有趣的是，统一的热力学不确定性关系导致了更严格的经典速度限制，从而完善了系统状态转换的时间限制。提出的框架可以扩展到具有单向转换的状态可观察物和系统，从而对第一学期时间的精度提供了约束。
Understanding current fluctuations is of fundamental importance and paves the way for the development of practical applications. According to the thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations, the precision of currents can be constrained solely by total entropy production or dynamical activity. In this study, we derive a tighter bound on the precision of currents in terms of both thermodynamic and kinetic quantities, demonstrating that these quantities jointly constrain current fluctuations. The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations become particular cases of our result in asymptotic limits. Intriguingly, the unified thermodynamic-kinetic uncertainty relation leads to a tighter classical speed limit, refining the time constraint on the system's state transformation. The proposed framework can be extended to apply to state observables and systems with unidirectional transitions, thereby providing a constraint on the precision of the first-passage time.
