论文标题
Tokamaks中饱和外部MHD不稳定性的建模:3D自由边界平衡和非线性稳定性计算的比较
Modelling of saturated external MHD instabilities in tokamaks: a comparison of 3D free boundary equilibria and nonlinear stability calculations
论文作者
论文摘要
3D自由边界平衡计算最近已用于模拟外部扭结和边缘谐波振荡(EHOS),与线性MHD稳定性代码进行比较,非线性分析理论[Kleiner等,PPCF 61 084005(2019)]。在这项研究中,使用Jorek代码,将VMEC平衡代码的结果与非线性减少的MHD模拟进行了比较。这项调查的目的是了解建模方法同意的程度,并确定可以修改动态的重要物理效应。对于由单个环形谐波主导的模拟外部扭结,当在Jorek模拟中使用大隆格数时,可以发现良好的一致性,从而使电阻效应是亚优势的。在多种环谐波线性不稳定的情况下,对EHO进行建模,观察到的饱和扰动可能会有所不同。在理想的时间尺度上,在Jorek中观察到n = 2 EHO,而VMEC预测的饱和扰动为n = 1模式。将模拟扩展到电阻效应可以发挥作用的时间尺度,可以找到类似的n = 1扰动。 Jorek模拟中不同线性不稳定的环谐波的耦合扩大了磁能谱并刺激血浆边缘区域,从而导致更局部的压力扰动。在VMEC中未观察到这些效果,因为强制执行封闭的磁通量表面。尽管Jorek的敏感性对假定的电阻率的敏感性,但即使对于这种更高级的情况,也可以使用两种合理一致的方法找到饱和状态。
3D free boundary equilibrium computations have recently been used to model external kinks and edge harmonic oscillations (EHOs), comparing with linear MHD stability codes, and nonlinear analytic theory [Kleiner et al, PPCF 61 084005 (2019)]. In this study, results of the VMEC equilibrium code are compared further with nonlinear reduced MHD simulations, using the JOREK code. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the extent to which the modelling approaches agree, and identify the important physical effects which can modify the dynamics. For the simulated external kink, which is dominated by a single toroidal harmonic, good agreement is found when a large Lundquist number is used in the JOREK simulation, such that resistive effects are sub-dominant. Modelling EHOs where multiple toroidal harmonics are linearly unstable, the saturated perturbation observed can differ in the dominant toroidal harmonic. On the ideal timescale, a n=2 EHO is observed in JOREK, while the saturated perturbation predicted by VMEC is a n=1 mode. Extending simulations into timescales where resistive effects can play a role, similar n=1 perturbations can be found. The coupling of different linearly unstable toroidal harmonics in the JOREK simulation broadens the magnetic energy spectrum and ergodises the plasma edge region, resulting in a more localised pressure perturbation. These effects are not observed in VMEC, because closed magnetic flux surfaces are enforced. Despite the sensitivity of JOREK results on the assumed resistivity, saturated states can be found using both approaches that are in reasonable agreement, even for this more advanced case.