论文标题
毫秒的时间尺度测量热传递到HE II的开放式浴室
Millisecond Time-Scale Measurements of Heat Transfer to an Open Bath of He II
论文作者
论文摘要
我们探索稳态和瞬态传热,从狭窄的矩形不锈钢加热器条通过He〜II的开放浴缸冷却的狭窄,不锈钢加热器条。设置验证是通过安装Kapitza传热表达式来完成的,$ q = a_ \ mathrm {k} \ left({T_ \ Mathrm {s}}}^{n_ \ Mathrm {k}}}}}}}}}} - {预期范围内的参数;美元我们发现与文献的估计相一致的关键热通量,加热的一步与薄膜沸腾的时间之间的时间遵循了预期的$ \ propto q^{ - 4} $依赖性。在第一个毫秒内,在应用加热功率密度的一步之后,我们的测量结果比使用稳态KAPITZA热传递表达式作为冷却边界条件的时间依赖性的一维模型所发现的热升高时间要慢。但是,结果与文献中的瞬时测量相比。在第一个毫秒之后,测量和模型之间的一致性非常好。我们找不到卡皮扎传热机制取向依赖性的结论性证据,也没有发现可以归因于沿同一加热器的局部表面变化的传热差异。
We explore steady state and transient heat transfer from a narrow, rectangular stainless steel heater strip cooled from one side by an open bath of He~II. Setup validation is done by fitting the Kapitza heat transfer expression $Q = a_\mathrm{K} \left( {T_\mathrm{s}}^{n_\mathrm{K}} - {T_\mathrm{b}}^{n_\mathrm{K}} \right)$ to steady state measurements, finding fit parameters within the expected range; $a_\mathrm{K}$ = 1316.8$\pm10\%$ $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{m}^{-2}\mathrm{K}^{-1}$, $n_\mathrm{K}$ = 2.528$\pm10\%$. We find critical heat flux in line with estimates from literature, and the time between a step in heating and the onset of film boiling follows the expected $\propto Q^{-4}$ dependence. During the first millisecond after a step in applied heating power density our measurements show a slower thermal rise time than that found by a time-dependent one-dimensional model of our setup using the steady state Kapitza heat transfer expression as the cooling boundary condition. However, the results compare favourably with transient measurements in literature. After the first millisecond, agreement between measurement and model is excellent. We do not find conclusive evidence of an orientation dependence of the Kapitza heat transfer mechanism, nor heat transfer differences that can be attributed to local surface variations along the same heater.