论文标题
双峰，钙 - 长超新星2021gno和2021inl的折叠环境
The Circumstellar Environments of Double-Peaked, Calcium-strong Supernovae 2021gno and 2021inl
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了星形宿主星系NGC NGC 4165（d = 30.5 mpc）和2021inl钙 - 长方体超新星（SNE）2021GNO的全球性观察和建模，在椭圆形的Galaxy NGC 4923（d = 80 MPC）的郊外，两者均通过了Young sumplionciencencencence and Supperciencencencencence两种SNE的多色光曲线均显示两个峰，以前的峰源自冲击冷却发射（SCE）和/或与偶尔材料（CSM）的冲击相互作用。 SN 2021GNO中的主要峰与发光，迅速衰减的X射线排放（$ l_x = 5 \ times 10^{41} $ erg s $^{ - 1} $），由$ΔT= 1 $ $ day检测到爆炸后的第二次检测，从x rays of x-rays进行了第二次检测。在与密度CSM相互作用的背景下，我们解释了SN 2021GNO的X射线排放，该X射线发射扩展到$ r <3 \ times 10^{14} $ cm。基于SN 2021GNO X射线频谱的建模，我们计算了$ M _ {\ rm csm} =（0.3-1.6）=（0.3-1.6）\ times 10^{ - 3} $ m $ _ {\ odot} $和粒子密度$ n =（1-4）\ time time 10^$ c {10^$ c。 SN 2021GNO的无线电非检测表明，在较大的半径（$ r> 10^{16} $ cm）和祖细胞质量损失率$ \ dot {m} <10^{ - 4} $ m $ _ {对于源自SCE的辐射，两种SNE中的主要光曲线峰的建模表示祖先包络质量和半径为$ m_e = 0.02-0.02-0.05 $ m $ _ $ _ {\ odot} $和$ r_e = 30-230 $ r $ r $ _ {\ odot} $。 Sne 2021GNO和2021inl的爆炸特性表明祖细胞系统含有低质量的巨星或白色矮人（WD），鉴于两个爆炸部位都缺乏恒星形成，前者对任何一个物体都不太可能。此外，两个SNE的祖细胞环境与低质量混合型He/c/o WD + C/O WD二进制的爆炸模型一致。
We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host galaxy NGC 4165 (D = 30.5 Mpc) and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923 (D = 80 Mpc), both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment (YSE) transient survey. The multi-color light curves of both SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission ($L_x = 5 \times 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$) detected by Swift-XRT at $δt = 1$ day after explosion, this observation being the second ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission from SN 2021gno in the context of shock interaction with dense CSM that extends to $r < 3 \times 10^{14}$ cm. Based on modeling of the SN 2021gno X-ray spectrum, we calculate a CSM mass range of $M_{\rm CSM} = (0.3 - 1.6) \times 10^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ and particle densities of $n = (1-4) \times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$. Radio non-detections of SN 2021gno indicate a low-density environment at larger radii ($r > 10^{16}$ cm) and a progenitor mass loss rate of $\dot{M} < 10^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, for $v_w = 500$ km s$^{-1}$. For radiation derived from SCE, modeling of the primary light curve peak in both SNe indicates an extended progenitor envelope mass and radius of $M_e = 0.02 - 0.05$ M$_{\odot}$ and $R_e = 30 - 230$ R$_{\odot}$. The explosion properties of SNe 2021gno and 2021inl suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely for either object given the lack of star formation at both explosion sites. Furthermore, the progenitor environments of both SNe are consistent with explosion models for low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD binaries.
