论文标题

用蘑菇觅食:用于多通用式机会搜索目标的混合智能线性编程调度程序,并使用Zwicky Transient设施

Foraging with MUSHROOMS: A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Scheduler for Multimessenger Target of Opportunity Searches with the Zwicky Transient Facility

论文作者

Parazin, B., Coughlin, Michael W., Singer, Leo P., Gupta, Vaidehi, Anand, Shreya

论文摘要

重力波检测的电磁随访是非常大量资源的,在数十个望远镜上占用数小时的观察时间有限。创建更有效的时间表以进行后续行动将导致同行位置效率的相应提高,而无需使用更多的望远镜时间。混合整数线性编程(MILP)在运营研究和望远镜计划中广泛使用,是生产这些更高效率时间表的强大候选人,因为它可以利用强大的商业求解器来找到全球最佳的解决方案来提供问题。我们详细介绍了使用混合整数线性编程的Zwicky瞬态设施设计的机会调度算法的新目标。我们将其性能与\ texttt {gwemopt}进行了比较,这是第三个Ligo-Virgo重力波观察跑步期间Zwicky Transient设施和其他设施使用的调谐启发式调度程序。该新算法使用可变长度的观察块来执行节奏要求并确保现场可观察性,并具有辅助优化步骤,以最大程度地减少倾斜时间。 \ blue {我们表明,通过采用该调度程序的混合方法和\ texttt {gwemopt} {gwemopt},以前所使用的先前调度程序可以协同使用,我们可以平均提高3 \%-11 \%的检测效率,而单独使用\ texttt {gwemopt}单独使用\%的单独的netren Merger lig nemrem netry setrir n lig ligr,则可以实现。跑步,突出了混合整数目标调度程序的潜力,以进行未来的多通用器随访调查。

Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave detections is very resource intensive, taking up hours of limited observation time on dozens of telescopes. Creating more efficient schedules for follow-up will lead to a commensurate increase in counterpart location efficiency without using more telescope time. Widely used in operations research and telescope scheduling, mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is a strong candidate to produce these higher-efficiency schedules, as it can make use of powerful commercial solvers that find globally optimal solutions to provided problems . We detail a new target of opportunity scheduling algorithm designed with Zwicky Transient Facility in mind that uses mixed integer linear programming. We compare its performance to \texttt{gwemopt}, the tuned heuristic scheduler used by the Zwicky Transient Facility and other facilities during the third LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave observing run. This new algorithm uses variable-length observing blocks to enforce cadence requirements and ensure field observability, along with having a secondary optimization step to minimize slew time. \blue{We show that by employing a hybrid method utilizing both this scheduler and \texttt{gwemopt}, the previous scheduler used, in concert, we can achieve an average improvement in detection efficiency of 3\%-11\% over \texttt{gwemopt} alone} for a simulated binary neutron star merger data set consistent with LIGO-Virgo's third observing run, highlighting the potential of mixed integer target of opportunity schedulers for future multimessenger follow-up surveys.

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