论文标题

神经逻辑类比学习

Neural Logic Analogy Learning

论文作者

Fan, Yujia, Zhang, Yongfeng

论文摘要

字母弦类比喻是一项重要的类比学习任务,对于人类来说似乎很容易,但对于机器来说非常具有挑战性。当前解决字母类比的方法背后的主要思想是设计启发式规则,用于提取类比结构并构建类比映射。但是,一个关键问题是,很难建立一组综合而详尽的类比结构,这些结构可以充分描述类比的微妙之处。这个问题使得当前的方法无法处理复杂的字母类比法问题。在本文中,我们提出了神经逻辑类比学习(NOAN),这是一种动态神经结构,由可区分的逻辑推理驱动以解决类比问题。每个类比问题都将转换为逻辑表达式,包括逻辑变量和基本逻辑操作(以及,或,而不是)。更具体地说,诺安(Noan)将逻辑变量作为向量嵌入学习,并将每个逻辑操作作为神经模块学习。通过这种方式,该模型构建了与逻辑推理集成神经网络的计算图,以捕获输入字母字符串的内部逻辑结构。然后,类比学习问题成为逻辑表达式的真/错误评估问题。实验表明,我们基于机器学习的NOAN方法在标准字母类比基准数据集上优于最先进的方法。

Letter-string analogy is an important analogy learning task which seems to be easy for humans but very challenging for machines. The main idea behind current approaches to solving letter-string analogies is to design heuristic rules for extracting analogy structures and constructing analogy mappings. However, one key problem is that it is difficult to build a comprehensive and exhaustive set of analogy structures which can fully describe the subtlety of analogies. This problem makes current approaches unable to handle complicated letter-string analogy problems. In this paper, we propose Neural logic analogy learning (Noan), which is a dynamic neural architecture driven by differentiable logic reasoning to solve analogy problems. Each analogy problem is converted into logical expressions consisting of logical variables and basic logical operations (AND, OR, and NOT). More specifically, Noan learns the logical variables as vector embeddings and learns each logical operation as a neural module. In this way, the model builds computational graph integrating neural network with logical reasoning to capture the internal logical structure of the input letter strings. The analogy learning problem then becomes a True/False evaluation problem of the logical expressions. Experiments show that our machine learning-based Noan approach outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on standard letter-string analogy benchmark datasets.

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