论文标题
量子量纳米科学
Quantum-Coherent Nanoscience
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的三十年中，纳米科学广泛影响了物理，化学和工程领域的许多领域，并导致了许多基本发现以及应用和产品。同时，量子科学技术已发展为连接这些相同领域的跨学科研究，并拥有新兴的商业承诺。尽管量子物理学决定了纳米级对象的行为，但量子相干性（对于量子信息来说至关重要），在大部分纳米科学中都没有发挥明确的作用。这篇综述描述了量子相干性在纳米级系统中的基本原理和实际应用，这是我们称为量子固定纳米科学的研究领域。我们根据特定的自由度构建此手稿，可以在给定的纳米级系统（例如电荷，自旋，机械运动和光子）中对量子进行量子的控制。我们回顾了当前的艺术状况，并关注纳米科学和连贯的量子操作所取消的杰出挑战和机遇。
For the past three decades, nanoscience has widely affected many areas in physics, chemistry, and engineering, and has led to numerous fundamental discoveries as well as applications and products. Concurrently, quantum science and technology has developed into a cross-disciplinary research endeavour connecting these same areas and holds a burgeoning commercial promise. Although quantum physics dictates the behaviour of nanoscale objects, quantum coherence, which is central to quantum information, communication and sensing has not played an explicit role in much of nanoscience. This Review describes fundamental principles and practical applications of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area we call quantum-coherent nanoscience. We structure this manuscript according to specific degrees of freedom that can be quantum-coherently controlled in a given nanoscale system such as charge, spin, mechanical motion, and photons. We review the current state of the art and focus on outstanding challenges and opportunities unlocked by the merging of nanoscience and coherent quantum operations.
