论文标题
昆虫间接飞行电动机中不同形式的共振最优性
Distinct forms of resonant optimality within insect indirect flight motors
论文作者
论文摘要
昆虫飞行电动机是非凡的自然结构，可在高频下有效运行。人们认为结构共振在确保有效的运动操作方面发挥了作用，但是该角色的细节难以捉摸。尽管与共振相关的效率优势可能很重要，但观察到一系列违反直觉行为。特别是，昆虫翼频频率与胸部固有频率之间的关系尚不确定，昆虫在短时间和长时间尺度上显示了翅膀频率调制。在这里，我们为此调制提供了新的解释。我们展示了在间接飞行电动机的线性和非线性模型中，共振不是单一频率的统一状态；但是，一个复杂的群集具有独特和相互分辨的状态，每个状态都代表了一种不同形式的共振最优性。此外，通过表征共振与电动机内负面作用吸收状态之间的关系，我们证明了如何在显着的翼展频率范围内保持接近完美的负面工作吸收。我们的分析导致了一种新的飞行运动操作概念模型：其中一种昆虫对它们的精确机翼频率无动于衷，并且对胸腔和环境特性的变化进行了鲁棒性 - 说明了这些天然电动机的非凡鲁棒性。
Insect flight motors are extraordinary natural structures that operate efficiently at high frequencies. Structural resonance is thought to play a role in ensuring efficient motor operation, but the details of this role are elusive. While the efficiency benefits associated with resonance may be significant, a range of counterintuitive behaviours are observed. In particular, the relationship between insect wingbeat frequencies and thoracic natural frequencies are uncertain, with insects showing wingbeat frequency modulation over both short and long timescales. Here, we offer new explanations for this modulation. We show how, in linear and nonlinear models of an indirect flight motor, resonance is not a unitary state at a single frequency; but a complex cluster of distinct and mutually-exclusive states, each representing a different form of resonant optimality. Additionally, by characterising the relationship between resonance and the state of negative work absorption within the motor, we demonstrate how near-perfect negative work absorption can be maintained over significant wingbeat frequency ranges. Our analysis leads to a new conceptual model of flight motor operation: one in which insects are indifferent to their precise wingbeat frequency, and robust to changes in thoracic and environmental properties - illustrating the extraordinary robustness of these natural motors.
