浓缩咖啡高分辨率传输光谱

论文标题

浓缩咖啡高分辨率传输光谱

ESPRESSO high resolution transmission spectroscopy of WASP-76b

论文作者

Tabernero, H. M., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Allart, R., Borsa, F., Casasayas-Barris, N., Demangeon, O., Ehrenreich, D., Lillo-Box, J., Lovis, C., Pallé, E., Sousa, S. G., Rebolo, R., Santos, N. C., Pepe, F., Cristiani, S., Adibekyan, V., Prieto, C. Allende, Alibert, Yann, Barros, S. C. C., Bouchy, F., Bourrier, V., D'Odorico, V., Dumusque, X., Faria, J. P., Figueira, P., Santos, R. Génova, Hernández, J. I. González, Hojjatpanah, S., Curto, G. Lo, Lavie, B., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Mehner, A., Micela, G., Molaro, P., Nunes, N. J., Poretti, E., Seidel, J. V., Sozzetti, A., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Udry, S., Aliverti, M., Affolter, M., Alves, D., Amate, M., Avila, G., Bandy, T., Benz, W., Bianco, A., Broeg, C., Cabral, A., Conconi, P., Coelho, J., Cumani, C., Deiries, S., Dekker, H., Delabre, B., Fragoso, A., Genoni, M., Genolet, L., Hughes, I., Knudstrup, J., Kerber, F., Landoni, M., Lizon, J. L., Maire, C., Manescau, A., Di Marcantonio, P., Mégevand, D., Monteiro, M., Monteiro, M., Moschetti, M., Mueller, E., Modigliani, A., Oggioni, L., Oliveira, A., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Rasilla, J. L., Redaelli, E., Riva, M., Santana-Tschudi, S., Santin, P., Santos, P., Segovia, A., Sosnowska, D., Spanò, P., Tenegi, F., Iwert, O., Zanutta, A., Zerbi, F.

论文摘要

目标。我们报告了高分辐照的超热木星大小的Planet WASP-76B的两个主要转移的浓缩咖啡高分辨率传播光谱观测。我们研究了几种关键的原子和分子特征的存在，这些特征可能揭示了地球的大气特性。方法。我们使用一项程序，使我们能够同时处理完整的浓缩咖啡波长范围（3800-7880 a），从而使用了大约140,000个WASP-76B的传输光谱。我们观察到，在高信噪比下，意式浓缩光谱的连续体显示出可能是由于光谱仪以外的干扰模式引起的。为了搜索行星特征，我们在视觉上分析了提取的透射光谱，并与不同原子和分子物种的理论光谱交叉观察。结果。检测到以下原子特征：li i，na i，mg i，ca ii，mn i，k i和fe I。所有这些都以9.2 Sigma（Na I）和2.8 Sigma（mg I）在9.2 Sigma（Na I）之间检测到所有这些特征。我们没有检测到以下物种：ti i，cr i，ni i，tio，vo和zro。我们对其可检测性强加了以下1个Sigma上限：分别为60、77、122、6、8和8 ppm。结论。我们首次报告了在WASP-76B上对Li I的检测。此外，我们发现了文献中先前报道的Na I和Fe I的存在。我们表明，这项工作中采用的过程可以通过互相关方法检测到传输频谱中的特征降至〜0.1％的水平，〜10 ppm。我们讨论WASP-76B大气中中性和单位离子化特征的存在。

Aims. We report on ESPRESSO high-resolution transmission spectroscopic observations of two primary transits of the highly-irradiated, ultra-hot Jupiter-size planet WASP-76b. We investigate the presence of several key atomic and molecular features of interest that may reveal the atmospheric properties of the planet. Methods. We extracted two transmission spectra of WASP-76b with R approx 140,000 using a procedure that allowed us to process the full ESPRESSO wavelength range (3800-7880 A) simultaneously. We observed that at a high signal-to-noise ratio, the continuum of ESPRESSO spectra shows wiggles that are likely caused by an interference pattern outside the spectrograph. To search for the planetary features, we visually analysed the extracted transmission spectra and cross-correlated the observations against theoretical spectra of different atomic and molecular species. Results. The following atomic features are detected: Li I, Na I, Mg I, Ca II, Mn I, K I, and Fe I. All are detected with a confidence level between 9.2 sigma (Na I) and 2.8 sigma (Mg I). We did not detect the following species: Ti I, Cr I, Ni I, TiO, VO, and ZrO. We impose the following 1 sigma upper limits on their detectability: 60, 77, 122, 6, 8, and 8 ppm, respectively. Conclusions. We report the detection of Li I on WASP-76b for the first time. In addition, we found the presence of Na I and Fe I as previously reported in the literature. We show that the procedure employed in this work can detect features down to the level of ~ 0.1 % in the transmission spectrum and ~ 10 ppm by means of a cross-correlation method. We discuss the presence of neutral and singly ionised features in the atmosphere of WASP-76b.

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